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FINALS CC 2 > OTHER LIVER ENZYMES > Flashcards

OTHER LIVER ENZYMES Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is also known as

A

Alkaline orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase

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2
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) catalyze hydrolysis of various _______ at pH

A

phosphomonoesters, alkaline pH of 9-10

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3
Q

ALP liberate _______ from an ________ with production of _____

A

inorganic phosphate, organic phosphate ester, alcohol

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4
Q

ALP requires ____ activator

A

Mg2+ activator

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5
Q

Among healthy individuals, most of the ALP is derived from the _________

A

liver and the bone (osteoblast)

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6
Q

ALP major tissue sources

A

Liver, Bones (osteoblast), Intestine, Placenta, Kidneys

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7
Q

Elevated ALP can be used for evaluation of _________ and ________

A

hepatobiliary and bone disorders

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8
Q

Based on molar absorptivity of p-Nitrophenol

A

BOWERS & McCOMB

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9
Q

BOWERS & McCOMB absorbance is measured at

A

405 nm (yellow)

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10
Q

Methods that has β-glycero-phosphate as substrate and Inorganic PO4+ Glycerol as product

A

(1-4) Bodansky, Shinowara,
Jones, Reinhart

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11
Q

Methods that has p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate and p-nitrophenol (yellow) as end product

A

(5) Bessy, Lowry & Brock
(6) Bowers & McComb

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12
Q

King and Armstrong substrate and end product

A

Substrate: Phenyl phosphate
End Product: Phenol

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13
Q

ALP reference range

A

Adult: 30-90 u/L
0-3 Months: 70-220 u/L
3-10 Years: 50-260 u/L
10-Puberty: 60-295 u/L***

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14
Q

Tests for ALP isoenzymes

A

Electrophoresis, Chemical Inhibition, & Heating

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15
Q

suppresses the activity of certain enzyme so that specific isoenzyme is measured

A

Chemical Inhibitors

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16
Q

5 ALP isoenzymes

A

Liver ALP
Bone ALP
Placental ALP
Carcinoplacental ALP
INTESTINAL ALP

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17
Q

The most anodic/ fastest to migrate ALP isoenzyme

A

LIVER ALP

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18
Q

Liver ALP is increased in ____

A

hepatobiliary/ liver diseases

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19
Q

2 fraction of ALP isoenzyme

A
  1. Fast liver (a1) band
  2. Major liver band
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20
Q

Liver ALP fraction for fast migration to the anode

A

Fast liver (a1) band

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21
Q

liver ALP fraction that is contributing to the abundance of ALP in the circulation among healthy individual

A

Major liver band

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22
Q

Liver ALP inhibitor

A

Levamisole reagent

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23
Q

2nd most anodic/ fastest ALP isoenzyme

A

BONE ALP

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24
Q

Bone ALP is HEAT ______ fraction; readily denatured (significantly decreased in ____)

A

HEAT LABILE, 56degC

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25
Bone ALP is increased in _______, _________-, and physiological _______
bone disease, healing of bone fractures, and physiological bone growth
26
Pathologic: Osteitis deformans/ Paget’s disease – ______deformity, the rate of bone resorption is _______; osteoclast activity is increased =
osteoclast, increased, Inc. ALP
27
Bone ALP inhibitors
Levamisole & 3M urea
28
3rd most anodic ALP isoenzyme
PLACENTAL ALP
29
PLACENTAL ALP most HEAT _____ fraction
HEAT STABLE
30
PLACENTAL ALP increased in pregnancy; _______ week of gestation
16th-20th
31
Placental ALP is associated with _______
malignancy/ cancer (Carcinoplacental ALP)
32
Placental ALP inhibitor
Phenylalanine
33
1 - Regan ALP/ Bone ALP co-migrator is Most HEAT ______ ALP – when serum sample is heated at _______ , Regan ALP is still intact and functiona
HEAT STABLE ALP 65°C for 30 minutes
34
1- Regan ALP/ Bone ALP co-migrator is increased in
Lung, Breast, & Gynecological cancer
35
1- Regan ALP/ Bone ALP co-migrator inhibitor
Phenylalanine
36
1- Nagao ALP is increased in
Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas and Bile Duct, & Pleural cancer
37
4th most anodic/ slowest moving fraction ALP isoenzyme
INTESTINAL ALP
37
1- Nagao ALP inhibitors
Phenylalanine & L-leucine
38
INTESTINAL ALP is increased in conditions: Physiologic Pathologic
Physiologic: px with blood type B or O, increased when fatty meal is consumed Pathologic: GIT disorders
38
INTESTINAL ALP inhibitors
Phenylalanine
39
Heat Stability is used to differentiate ____ and ____ ALP isoenzymes
liver and bone
40
Total ALP elevations by Liver or Bone ALP is differentiated by heating of serum at ______
56°C for 10 minutes
41
From most heat stable to most heat labile/ unstable ALP isoenzyme
(1) Placental, (2) Intestinal, (3) Liver, (4) Bone
42
Heat Stability Liver ALP: ALP residual activity is decreased to ______ Bone ALP: ALP residual activity is decreased to ______
>20% <20%
43
Acid Phosphatase (ACP) is also known as
Acid orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase
44
Acid Phosphatase (ACP) catalyze hydrolysis of various phosphomonoesters at an _____
acid pH
45
ACP major sources
Nonspecific; Prostate gland (men), RBC, Platelets, Bones (osteoclast)
46
To differentiate the prostatic form from the non-specific form like RBC acid, ______ are added
inhibitors
47
inhibits specific prostatic ACP
L-tartrate Ions
48
inhibit red cell ACP
Formaldehyde & Cupric Ions
49
ACP diagnostic significance
evaluation of metastatic carcinoma of prostate and Forensic investigation of rape
50
ACP histological exam in cases of rape
lesions & forceful entry
51
The activity of ACP in the seminal fluid may persist for ____
4 days
52
Assay for ACP Activity
BOWERS & McCOMB
53
ACP reference range
Prostatic ACP: 0-3.5 ng/mL
54
ACP methods
1: Quantitative End Point 2: Continuous Monitoring
55
Continuous Monitoring substrate
a-naphthyl phosphate
56
Quantitative End Point substrate
Thymolphthalein monophosphate
57
Gutman & Gutman substrate and end product/s
Phenyl Phosphate Inorganic Phosphate
58
Shinowara substrate and end product/s
PNPP P-nitrophenol
59
Babson, Read & Phillips substrate and end product/s
Alpha Naphthyl Phosphate Alpha naphthol
60
Roy & Hillman substrate and end product/s
Thymolphthalein Monophosphate Free thymolphthalein

FINALS CC 2 (7 decks)

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