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FINALS CC 2 > OTHER LIVER ENZYMES > Flashcards

OTHER LIVER ENZYMES Flashcards

1
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is also known as

A

Alkaline orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase

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2
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) catalyze hydrolysis of various _______ at pH

A

phosphomonoesters, alkaline pH of 9-10

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3
Q

ALP liberate _______ from an ________ with production of _____

A

inorganic phosphate, organic phosphate ester, alcohol

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4
Q

ALP requires ____ activator

A

Mg2+ activator

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5
Q

Among healthy individuals, most of the ALP is derived from the _________

A

liver and the bone (osteoblast)

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6
Q

ALP major tissue sources

A

Liver, Bones (osteoblast), Intestine, Placenta, Kidneys

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7
Q

Elevated ALP can be used for evaluation of _________ and ________

A

hepatobiliary and bone disorders

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8
Q

Based on molar absorptivity of p-Nitrophenol

A

BOWERS & McCOMB

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9
Q

BOWERS & McCOMB absorbance is measured at

A

405 nm (yellow)

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10
Q

Methods that has β-glycero-phosphate as substrate and Inorganic PO4+ Glycerol as product

A

(1-4) Bodansky, Shinowara,
Jones, Reinhart

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11
Q

Methods that has p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate and p-nitrophenol (yellow) as end product

A

(5) Bessy, Lowry & Brock
(6) Bowers & McComb

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12
Q

King and Armstrong substrate and end product

A

Substrate: Phenyl phosphate
End Product: Phenol

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13
Q

ALP reference range

A

Adult: 30-90 u/L
0-3 Months: 70-220 u/L
3-10 Years: 50-260 u/L
10-Puberty: 60-295 u/L***

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14
Q

Tests for ALP isoenzymes

A

Electrophoresis, Chemical Inhibition, & Heating

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15
Q

suppresses the activity of certain enzyme so that specific isoenzyme is measured

A

Chemical Inhibitors

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16
Q

5 ALP isoenzymes

A

Liver ALP
Bone ALP
Placental ALP
Carcinoplacental ALP
INTESTINAL ALP

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17
Q

The most anodic/ fastest to migrate ALP isoenzyme

A

LIVER ALP

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18
Q

Liver ALP is increased in ____

A

hepatobiliary/ liver diseases

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19
Q

2 fraction of ALP isoenzyme

A
  1. Fast liver (a1) band
  2. Major liver band
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20
Q

Liver ALP fraction for fast migration to the anode

A

Fast liver (a1) band

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21
Q

liver ALP fraction that is contributing to the abundance of ALP in the circulation among healthy individual

A

Major liver band

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22
Q

Liver ALP inhibitor

A

Levamisole reagent

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23
Q

2nd most anodic/ fastest ALP isoenzyme

A

BONE ALP

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24
Q

Bone ALP is HEAT ______ fraction; readily denatured (significantly decreased in ____)

A

HEAT LABILE, 56degC

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25
Q

Bone ALP is increased in _______, _________-, and physiological _______

A

bone disease, healing of bone fractures, and physiological bone growth

26
Q

Pathologic: Osteitis deformans/ Paget’s disease – ______deformity, the rate of bone resorption is _______; osteoclast activity is increased =

A

osteoclast, increased, Inc. ALP

27
Q

Bone ALP inhibitors

A

Levamisole & 3M urea

28
Q

3rd most anodic ALP isoenzyme

A

PLACENTAL ALP

29
Q

PLACENTAL ALP most HEAT _____ fraction

A

HEAT STABLE

30
Q

PLACENTAL ALP increased in pregnancy; _______ week of
gestation

A

16th-20th

31
Q

Placental ALP is associated with _______

A

malignancy/ cancer (Carcinoplacental ALP)

32
Q

Placental ALP inhibitor

A

Phenylalanine

33
Q

1 - Regan ALP/ Bone ALP co-migrator is Most HEAT ______ ALP – when serum sample is heated at _______ , Regan ALP is still intact and functiona

A

HEAT STABLE ALP
65°C for 30 minutes

34
Q

1- Regan ALP/ Bone ALP co-migrator is increased in

A

Lung, Breast, & Gynecological cancer

35
Q

1- Regan ALP/ Bone ALP co-migrator inhibitor

A

Phenylalanine

36
Q

1- Nagao ALP is increased in

A

Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas and Bile Duct, & Pleural cancer

37
Q

4th most anodic/ slowest moving fraction ALP isoenzyme

A

INTESTINAL ALP

37
Q

1- Nagao ALP inhibitors

A

Phenylalanine & L-leucine

38
Q

INTESTINAL ALP is increased in conditions:
Physiologic
Pathologic

A

Physiologic: px with blood type B or O, increased when fatty meal is consumed
Pathologic: GIT disorders

38
Q

INTESTINAL ALP inhibitors

A

Phenylalanine

39
Q

Heat Stability is used to differentiate ____ and ____ ALP isoenzymes

A

liver and bone

40
Q

Total ALP elevations by Liver or Bone ALP is differentiated by heating of serum at ______

A

56°C for 10 minutes

41
Q

From most heat stable to most heat labile/ unstable ALP isoenzyme

A

(1) Placental, (2) Intestinal, (3) Liver, (4) Bone

42
Q

Heat Stability
Liver ALP: ALP residual activity is decreased to ______
Bone ALP: ALP residual activity is decreased to ______

A

> 20%
<20%

43
Q

Acid Phosphatase (ACP) is also known as

A

Acid orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase

44
Q

Acid Phosphatase (ACP) catalyze hydrolysis of various phosphomonoesters at an _____

A

acid pH

45
Q

ACP major sources

A

Nonspecific; Prostate gland (men), RBC, Platelets, Bones (osteoclast)

46
Q

To differentiate the prostatic form from the non-specific form like RBC acid, ______ are added

A

inhibitors

47
Q

inhibits specific prostatic ACP

A

L-tartrate Ions

48
Q

inhibit red cell ACP

A

Formaldehyde & Cupric Ions

49
Q

ACP diagnostic significance

A

evaluation of metastatic carcinoma of prostate and Forensic investigation of rape

50
Q

ACP histological exam in cases of rape

A

lesions & forceful entry

51
Q

The activity of ACP in the seminal fluid may persist for ____

A

4 days

52
Q

Assay for ACP Activity

A

BOWERS & McCOMB

53
Q

ACP reference range

A

Prostatic ACP: 0-3.5 ng/mL

54
Q

ACP methods

A

1: Quantitative End Point
2: Continuous Monitoring

55
Q

Continuous Monitoring substrate

A

a-naphthyl phosphate

56
Q

Quantitative End Point substrate

A

Thymolphthalein monophosphate

57
Q

Gutman & Gutman substrate and end product/s

A

Phenyl Phosphate
Inorganic Phosphate

58
Q

Shinowara substrate and end product/s

A

PNPP
P-nitrophenol

59
Q

Babson, Read &
Phillips substrate and end product/s

A

Alpha Naphthyl Phosphate
Alpha naphthol

60
Q

Roy & Hillman substrate and end product/s

A

Thymolphthalein Monophosphate
Free thymolphthalein

FINALS CC 2 (7 decks)

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