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BIO 110 - Anatomy & Physiology > LO 1 > Flashcards

LO 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define anatomy

A

Derived from two words that mean “cutting apart” - focuses on the structure of the human party by cutting apart through dissection or imaging

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2
Q

Define physiology

A

The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts - done through experimentation

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3
Q

What is the relationship of anatomy to physiology?

A

Anatomical structures are suited to perform specific functions (size, shape, form, or position in body related to ability to perform specialized activities)

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4
Q

What are the 7 levels of organization from smallest to largest?

A
  1. Chemical - atoms and molecules
  2. Organelle
  3. Cell - smallest living unit
  4. Tissue - organizations of similar cells that work together
  5. Organ - organizations of different tissues that work together
  6. Organ systems - organizations of many organs that work together
  7. Organism - the living thing
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5
Q

Define anatomical position

A

Standing erect with the arms at the sides and palms turned forward. Head and feet also point forward.

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6
Q

Describe supine position

A

Body laying down facing upward

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7
Q

Describe prone position

A

Body laying down facing down

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8
Q

Superior is the opposite of ______

A

Inferior

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9
Q

Anterior is the opposite of _______

A

Posterior

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10
Q

Medial means _______

A

Toward the midline

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11
Q

Lateral means ________

A

Toward the side of the body and away from midline

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12
Q

Proximal means ________

A

Toward the nearest trunk of the body or point of origin of one of its parts

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13
Q

Distal means _________

A

Away from or farthest from the trunk or point of origin

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14
Q

The opposite of superficial is _________

A

Deep

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15
Q

Describe the saggital plane

A

Lengthwise plane that divides the body into left and right sections (do not need to be equal sizes)

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16
Q

Describe the midsagittal plane

A

Divides the body into two equal left and right halves

17
Q

Describe the frontal or coronal plane

A

Lengthwise plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

18
Q

Describe the transverse plane

A

Horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections

19
Q

Name the two major body cavities

A
  1. Ventral - whole abdominal cavity
  2. Dorsal - cranial and spinal cavity
20
Q

What cavities are included in the ventral body cavity?

A
  1. Thoracic cavity
  2. Abdominopelvic cavity
21
Q

What divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

The diaphragm

22
Q

What are the two sections of the thoracic cavity?

A
  1. Pleural cavity
  2. Mediastinum
23
Q

Describe the mediastinum

A

Mid-portion of the thoracic cavity - contains the heart and trachea

24
Q

Describe the pleural cavities

A

Part of the thoracic cavity that contains the lungs - left lung in left cavity, right lung in right cavity

25
Q

What is contained in the abdominal cavity?

A

Stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen

26
Q

What is contained in the pelvic cavity?

A

Reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and lowest part of the intestines

27
Q

Name the 4 quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity

A
  1. Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
  2. Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
  3. Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
  4. Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
28
Q

Name the top three regions of the abdominopelvic cavity

A
  1. Right hypochondriac region
  2. Epigastric region
  3. Left hypochondriac region
29
Q

Name the mid three regions of the abdominopelvic cavity

A
  1. Right lumbar (flank) region
  2. Umbilical region
  3. Left lumbar (flank) region
30
Q

Name the lowest three regions of the abdominopelvic cavity

A
  1. Right iliac (inguinal) region
  2. Hypogastric (pubic) region
  3. Left iliac (inguinal) region
31
Q

Name the two components of the dorsal cavity

A
  1. Cranial cavity - contains brain
  2. Spinal cavity - contains spinal cord
32
Q

What is contained in the axial region?

A

Head, neck, torso/trunk

33
Q

What comprises the appendicular region?

A

Upper and lower extremities

34
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Relative consistency of the internal environment

35
Q

Define feedback loops

A

The basic type of control system in the body required for self regulation (homeostasis)

36
Q

Define negative feedback loop with an example

A

A control process in the body that opposes or negates changes in the body - body’s temperature control (shivering)

37
Q

Define positive feedback loop with an example

A

Temporary amplification of change in the body - contractions during labour

38
Q

Body functions are related to ______

A

Age - peak efficiency in young adulthood, less efficient in childhood and old age

39
Q

Define sensor, control center, and effector

A
  1. Sensor detects changes and sends info to control center
  2. Control center responds by initiating certain changes that are sent to the effector
  3. Effector influences the controlled condition

BIO 110 - Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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