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Unit 4 > Lo1 > Flashcards

Lo1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the cardiovascular system?

A

It is an organ system that pumps blood around the body 

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2
Q

What makes up the cardiovascular system?

A

The heart veins, red blood cells, arteries, capillaries, white blood cells 

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3
Q

What is the cardiovascular system important for?

A

It is important for oxygen and glucose to be moved around the body for us to respire

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4
Q

What is the composition of blood?

A

Plasma
white blood cells
platelets
red blood cells

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5
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

To transport dissolved substances around the body 

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6
Q

What does the liquid in plasma do?

A

Carry all the blood cells and platelets 

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7
Q

What’s the other name for red blood

A

Erythrocytes

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8
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

Carry oxygen to the blood 

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9
Q

Structure of a red blood cell

A

Cells are tiny to allow them to pass through narrow capillaries
Cells have a flat in disc shaped to increase surface area for more oxygen
They contain haemoglobin

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10
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

A protein that is responsible for transporting blood around the body

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11
Q

What is the other name for white blood cells?

A

Leukocytes

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12
Q

What are the three different types of white blood cells?

A

Lymphocytes, also known as T cells
Monocytes
Neutrophils

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13
Q

What is the function of a lymphocyte?

A

To destroy viruses and cancer cells

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14
Q

What is the function of monocytes?

A

To remove dead cells and bacteria

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15
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

To produce antibodies

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16
Q

What is another name for platelets?

A

Thrombocytes

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17
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

They are involved in the process of forming clots at sites where there is a wound

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18
Q

Structure of platelets

A

A small fragments of cells
Have no nucleus

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19
Q

What is the equation of red blood cells?

A

Haemoglobin add oxygen equals oxyhaemoglobin

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20
Q

What are the two types of cholesterol?

A

HDL high-density lipoprotein, which is good
LDR low-density lipoprotein, which is bad cholesterol

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21
Q

Temperature regulation

A

All the body cells carry out respiration to generate energy for themselves
Some of this energy is released as heat, so the blood is warmed
Because it’s circulate all the body, it’s distributes, the heat energy evenly to keep us at 37°C
If the blood flowing through the brain are slower or higher than this than the hypothalamus, detects its temperature

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22
Q

What happens when the body temperature is too high

A

Sweaters produced by the sweat glands in evaporating from the skin, this transfers energy into the environment
The blood vessels supplying the skin dye, a little more blood flows close to the surface of the skin. This is called vasodilation.
Hair arrector muscle, relaxer your hair lies flat against the surface of your skin

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23
Q

What happens when your body temperature is too low?

A

Hair erects to trap anne insulating layer of air
No, sweat is produced
Vasoconstriction - blood vessels supplying the skin capillaries, constrict to close off the skins. Blood supply
When you call Joshua, this transfer some energy to warm, the body

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24
Q



A
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25
What does the right side of the heart do
Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
26
What does the left side of the heart do?
Carry oxygenated blood to the body
27
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium and ventricle Left atrium and ventricle
28
What are the veins of the heart?
Pulmonary vein
29
What does it mean when the heart is mygenic
It controls itself and doesn’t require a nerve
30
What does the cardiac cycle do?
Fills around 70 times per minute Lob, tricuspid and mitral valve shut in Dub synchronised semi lunar valves, Shotton Ventricles contract in is systole Ventricles relaxin in a triathlon, diastole
31
Control of the cardiac
SAN>AVN> bundle of his> purkyne fibres
32
What does a peacemaker consist of?
Sinoatrial node SAN atrioventricular node AVN
33
What does the sinoatrial node do
Passes of wave of electrical current through the atria, making them contract
34
What does The atrioventricular node do?
Slows down the passage of current down to ventricles to allow them to filled with blood
35
What is a perkyne fibres do ?
Carry the current down the middle of the ventricles to the apex of the heart calls, and both the right and left ventricle to contract
36
What does the electrocardiograph do
Measures the electrical activity of the heart
37
How does an ECG monitor the electrical activity of the heart?
Several electrodes are attached to specific places on a persons chest and limbs. Please detect changes in polarisation in the heart, by measuring current at the skin surface, delete all connected to a machine that draws an ECG
38
What does the P stand for on an ECG graph
SAN The atria contract in
39
What does the Q stand for on an ECG graph?
Slight delay AVN
40
What does the R stand for on an ECG graph?
Ventricles contracting Systole
41
What does the S stand for on an ECG graph
Ventricles, relaxing, and pushing blood out of the heart via the arteries
42
What does the T stand for on an ECG graph?
Atrium will start to refill and begin a new cycle
43
What does the U stand for on an ECG graph?
Repolarisation Electrical signals ready to start again
44
What does the circulatory system consist of?
Heart Blood vessels Blood Lungs is Veins Arteries
45
What are the three blood vessels?
Arteries Capillaries Veins
46
What is the function of an artery?
To carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the body cells and the blood is a high-pressure
47
What is the function of capillaries?
To exchange substances with cells in takeaway waste products
48
What is the function of veins?
To transport, oxygenated blood back to the heart
49
Structure of capillaries
Tiny vessels, which connect the two types of blood vessels and organs and tissues Only one cell thick Perforated Has a very small lumen
50
Structure of arteries
Has a lumen Thick outer walls Fit inner Layer of muscle and elastic fibres Narrow central lumen
51
Structure of veins
Has a larger lumen, so blood is flowing at low pressure Contains valves Small layers of elastic fibres and smooth muscles
52
What is blood?
Blood is the liquid held in our arteries veins and heart
53
What does tissue fluid do?
Bathes the cells of individual tissues
54
What do capillaries do?
Allows materials to pass in and out of cells by the pressure of the heart contraction
55
What is in blood?
Red blood cells, White blood cells Platelets Plasma Electrolyte Glucose Amino acid Urea Blood protein
56
Function of tissue fluid
To transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells from the blood in carbon dioxide and other waste back to the blood from the cells
57
What is the way that the useful substances like glucose travel around the body?
Blood to tissue fluid to cells
58
What is the weather at the waste products move around the body like carbon dioxide
Cells to tissue fluid to blood
59
How is tissue fluid made?
Blood flows into a capillary in an organ The blood is under high pressure at the arterial end of the capillary bed This is hydrostatic pressure This pushes out the blood fluid plasma out of the capillaries through tiny pores in the capillary wall The plasma is now called tissue fluid because it’s around the tissues and contains oxygen and nutrients Red blood cells and white blood cells are too large to be pushed out so plasma proteins
60
What is present in tissue fluid?
Plasma Electrolytes Urea
61
What does oedema mean?
Buildup of tissue fluid, eg swelling
62
Osmosis
The movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration
63
Tissue fluid versus blood
Tissue fluid house, mobile Adam blood in blood is higher and salt
64
What is the lymphatic system?
The immune system
65
What is present in lymph fluid?
Lymphocytes Plasma Electrolytes Urea Blood proteins
66
What is hypertension?
High blood pressure
67
Measuring blood pressure
Two readings are recorded systolic and diastolic
68
Causes of high blood pressure
Being overweight Eat too much salt do not eat enough fruit and veg Do not exercising off Drink too much alcohol or coffee? Smoke Are over 65 
69
Treat and hypertension
Make some lifestyle changes Medication such as blockers or inhibitors
70
What does a risk factor mean?
Things that will increase the chances of getting a disease
71
Causes of coronary heart disease
Family history Diabetes Lack of regular exercise High cholesterol High blood pressure Smoking
72
What does a normal artery have?
Smooth, blood flow Normal blood pressure No resistance to blood
73
Causes of narrowing of an artery
Carbon monoxide gas from smoke High blood pressure of the person
74
Symptoms of heart attacks when you have Conary heart disease
Pain in part of the body Lightheadedness Sweating Nausea Breathlessness
75
When does a cardiac arrest occur?
When the heart malfunctions and stops beating unexpectedly

Unit 4 (6 decks)

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