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Unit 4 > Lo1 > Flashcards

Lo1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cardiovascular system?

A

It is an organ system that pumps blood around the body 

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2
Q

What makes up the cardiovascular system?

A

The heart veins, red blood cells, arteries, capillaries, white blood cells 

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3
Q

What is the cardiovascular system important for?

A

It is important for oxygen and glucose to be moved around the body for us to respire

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4
Q

What is the composition of blood?

A

Plasma
white blood cells
platelets
red blood cells

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5
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

To transport dissolved substances around the body 

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6
Q

What does the liquid in plasma do?

A

Carry all the blood cells and platelets 

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7
Q

What’s the other name for red blood

A

Erythrocytes

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8
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

Carry oxygen to the blood 

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9
Q

Structure of a red blood cell

A

Cells are tiny to allow them to pass through narrow capillaries
Cells have a flat in disc shaped to increase surface area for more oxygen
They contain haemoglobin

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10
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

A protein that is responsible for transporting blood around the body

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11
Q

What is the other name for white blood cells?

A

Leukocytes

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12
Q

What are the three different types of white blood cells?

A

Lymphocytes, also known as T cells
Monocytes
Neutrophils

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13
Q

What is the function of a lymphocyte?

A

To destroy viruses and cancer cells

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14
Q

What is the function of monocytes?

A

To remove dead cells and bacteria

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15
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

To produce antibodies

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16
Q

What is another name for platelets?

A

Thrombocytes

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17
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

They are involved in the process of forming clots at sites where there is a wound

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18
Q

Structure of platelets

A

A small fragments of cells
Have no nucleus

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19
Q

What is the equation of red blood cells?

A

Haemoglobin add oxygen equals oxyhaemoglobin

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20
Q

What are the two types of cholesterol?

A

HDL high-density lipoprotein, which is good
LDR low-density lipoprotein, which is bad cholesterol

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21
Q

Temperature regulation

A

All the body cells carry out respiration to generate energy for themselves
Some of this energy is released as heat, so the blood is warmed
Because it’s circulate all the body, it’s distributes, the heat energy evenly to keep us at 37°C
If the blood flowing through the brain are slower or higher than this than the hypothalamus, detects its temperature

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22
Q

What happens when the body temperature is too high

A

Sweaters produced by the sweat glands in evaporating from the skin, this transfers energy into the environment
The blood vessels supplying the skin dye, a little more blood flows close to the surface of the skin. This is called vasodilation.
Hair arrector muscle, relaxer your hair lies flat against the surface of your skin

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23
Q

What happens when your body temperature is too low?

A

Hair erects to trap anne insulating layer of air
No, sweat is produced
Vasoconstriction - blood vessels supplying the skin capillaries, constrict to close off the skins. Blood supply
When you call Joshua, this transfer some energy to warm, the body

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24
Q



A
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25
Q

What does the right side of the heart do

A

Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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26
Q

What does the left side of the heart do?

A

Carry oxygenated blood to the body

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27
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Right atrium and ventricle
Left atrium and ventricle

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28
Q

What are the veins of the heart?

A

Pulmonary vein

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29
Q

What does it mean when the heart is mygenic

A

It controls itself and doesn’t require a nerve

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30
Q

What does the cardiac cycle do?

A

Fills around 70 times per minute
Lob, tricuspid and mitral valve shut in
Dub synchronised semi lunar valves, Shotton
Ventricles contract in is systole
Ventricles relaxin in a triathlon, diastole

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31
Q

Control of the cardiac

A

SAN>AVN> bundle of his> purkyne fibres

32
Q

What does a peacemaker consist of?

A

Sinoatrial node SAN
atrioventricular node AVN

33
Q

What does the sinoatrial node do

A

Passes of wave of electrical current through the atria, making them contract

34
Q

What does The atrioventricular node do?

A

Slows down the passage of current down to ventricles to allow them to filled with blood

35
Q

What is a perkyne fibres do ?

A

Carry the current down the middle of the ventricles to the apex of the heart calls, and both the right and left ventricle to contract

36
Q

What does the electrocardiograph do

A

Measures
the electrical activity of the heart

37
Q

How does an ECG monitor the electrical activity of the heart?

A

Several electrodes are attached to specific places on a persons chest and limbs. Please detect changes in polarisation in the heart, by measuring current at the skin surface, delete all connected to a machine that draws an ECG

38
Q

What does the P stand for on an ECG graph

A

SAN
The atria contract in

39
Q

What does the Q stand for on an ECG graph?

A

Slight delay
AVN

40
Q

What does the R stand for on an ECG graph?

A

Ventricles contracting
Systole

41
Q

What does the S stand for on an ECG graph

A

Ventricles, relaxing, and pushing blood out of the heart via the arteries

42
Q

What does the T stand for on an ECG graph?

A

Atrium will start to refill and begin a new cycle

43
Q

What does the U stand for on an ECG graph?

A

Repolarisation
Electrical signals ready to start again

44
Q

What does the circulatory system consist of?

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
Lungs is
Veins
Arteries

45
Q

What are the three blood vessels?

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

46
Q

What is the function of an artery?

A

To carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the body cells and the blood is a high-pressure

47
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

To exchange substances with cells in takeaway waste products

48
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

To transport, oxygenated blood back to the heart

49
Q

Structure of capillaries

A

Tiny vessels, which connect the two types of blood vessels and organs and tissues
Only one cell thick
Perforated
Has a very small lumen

50
Q

Structure of arteries

A

Has a lumen
Thick outer walls
Fit inner Layer of muscle and elastic fibres
Narrow central lumen

51
Q

Structure of veins

A

Has a larger lumen, so blood is flowing at low pressure
Contains valves
Small layers of elastic fibres and smooth muscles

52
Q

What is blood?

A

Blood is the liquid held in our arteries veins and heart

53
Q

What does tissue fluid do?

A

Bathes the cells of individual tissues

54
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

Allows materials to pass in and out of cells by the pressure of the heart contraction

55
Q

What is in blood?

A

Red blood cells,
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Electrolyte
Glucose
Amino acid
Urea
Blood protein

56
Q

Function of tissue fluid

A

To transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells from the blood in carbon dioxide and other waste back to the blood from the cells

57
Q

What is the way that the useful substances like glucose travel around the body?

A

Blood to tissue fluid to cells

58
Q

What is the weather at the waste products move around the body like carbon dioxide

A

Cells to tissue fluid to blood

59
Q

How is tissue fluid made?

A

Blood flows into a capillary in an organ
The blood is under high pressure at the arterial end of the capillary bed
This is hydrostatic pressure
This pushes out the blood fluid plasma out of the capillaries through tiny pores in the capillary wall
The plasma is now called tissue fluid because it’s around the tissues and contains oxygen and nutrients
Red blood cells and white blood cells are too large to be pushed out so plasma proteins

60
Q

What is present in tissue fluid?

A

Plasma
Electrolytes
Urea

61
Q

What does oedema mean?

A

Buildup of tissue fluid, eg swelling

62
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration

63
Q

Tissue fluid versus blood

A

Tissue fluid house, mobile Adam blood in blood is higher and salt

64
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

The immune system

65
Q

What is present in lymph fluid?

A

Lymphocytes
Plasma
Electrolytes
Urea
Blood proteins

66
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High blood pressure

67
Q

Measuring blood pressure

A

Two readings are recorded systolic and diastolic

68
Q

Causes of high blood pressure

A

Being overweight
Eat too much salt do not eat enough fruit and veg
Do not exercising off
Drink too much alcohol or coffee?
Smoke
Are over 65 

69
Q

Treat and hypertension

A

Make some lifestyle changes
Medication such as blockers or inhibitors

70
Q

What does a risk factor mean?

A

Things that will increase the chances of getting a disease

71
Q

Causes of coronary heart disease

A

Family history
Diabetes
Lack of regular exercise
High cholesterol
High blood pressure
Smoking

72
Q

What does a normal artery have?

A

Smooth, blood flow
Normal blood pressure
No resistance to blood

73
Q

Causes of narrowing of an artery

A

Carbon monoxide gas from smoke
High blood pressure of the person

74
Q

Symptoms of heart attacks when you have Conary heart disease

A

Pain in part of the body
Lightheadedness
Sweating
Nausea
Breathlessness

75
Q

When does a cardiac arrest occur?

A

When the heart malfunctions and stops beating unexpectedly

Unit 4 (6 decks)

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