Lo4

Question 1

What is the periosteum

Answer 1

The outer surface of bone

Question 2

Structure of periosteum

Answer 2

Thin fence membrane

Question 3

What is the compact bone


Answer 3

Next layer
Smooth and hard

Question 4

What is the compact bone made up of

Answer 4

Collagen
Calcium phosphate

Question 5

What is the spongy bone

Answer 5

Next layer looks a bit like a sponge
Very strong

Question 6

What is bone marrow

Answer 6

Innermost part of the bone
Like a thick jelly

Question 7

What is the job of bone marrow

Answer 7

Make blood cells
Where stem cells are found

Question 8

What is the cartilage

Answer 8

Protective layer that covers the end of bones

Question 9

Other components of bones

Answer 9

Collagen
Chondrin
Osteoblasts

Question 10

What do osteoblast do

Answer 10

Promote the activity of the cells

Question 11

What is the Haversian canal

Answer 11

Central hole containing blood vessels and nerves

Question 12

What are osteocytes

Answer 12

Bone cells

Question 13

What are lamellae

Answer 13

Layers of hard bone

Question 14

What are canaliculli

Answer 14

Tiny channels containing cytoplasmic extensions of the osteocytes

Question 15

What is a joint

Answer 15

Attaches two bones together to allow movement

Question 16

What are the 5 types of joints

Answer 16

Ball and socket
Pivot
Hinge
Sliding
Sadie
Fixed

Question 17

What is a muscle

Answer 17

Contact and relax in pairs to move joints

Question 18

What is a tendon

Answer 18

Ties the muscle to the bone

Question 19

What are bones

Answer 19

Make up our skeleton

Question 20

What is a ligament

Answer 20

Ties the individual bones of a joint together

Question 21

What is a synovial capsule

Answer 21

The capsule that surrounds the joint between two bones

Question 22

What is the synovial fluid

Answer 22

Liquid found inside the capsule that lubricates the joint to make it move smoothly

Question 23

What are antagonistic muscles

Answer 23

One muscle moves the joint in one direction and the other muscles moves the joint in the opposite direction

Question 24

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 24

A condition that weakens bones, making them fragile, are more likely to break 

Question 25

Causes of osteoporosis

Answer 25

Decrease an osteoblast Law peak, Bourne mass Sedentary lifestyle Lifestyle factors Being female Being of menopause age Have coeliac disease Anorexia Other inflammatory conditions

Question 26

Effects of osteoporosis

Answer 26

Loss of bone density Increased risk of fractures Phone deformity Stooped posture 

Question 27

Ways to reduce risk of osteoporosis

Answer 27

Reduce amount of alcohol consumed Improve diet Be more active outside Get enough calcium Improve lifestyle Hormone replacement therapy

Question 28

What could the impact of osteoporosis be on someone’s life?

Answer 28

Depressed Feel isolated Vulnerable Lack of Independence

Question 29

How could someone minimise the effects of osteoporosis?

Answer 29

Healthy diet Take painkillers Reduce trip hazards Get eyesight, checked regularly Reduce smoking Reduce weight Regular exercise

Question 30

monitoring osteoporosis

Answer 30

A clinical observation Dexa scan Blood tests

Question 31

Treatment for osteoporosis

Answer 31

Physiotherapy Exercise Physical activity outside Dietary changes 

Question 32

What is osteo arthritis?

Answer 32

known as where in tear arthritis Cartlidge surrounding your joints becoming damaged and Rubbing together

Question 33

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 33

An autoimmune disease, where your body immune system produces antibodies which attack the synovial membrane line in the joints 

Question 34

Symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 34

Pain Stiffness Tiredness Weakness and muscle wasting Inflammation around the joints Joints feel hot to touch Limited range of movement Joints appear larger, or more knobbly than usual

Question 35

Monitoring osteoarthritis

Answer 35

Clinical observation to measure the level of inflammation X-rays

Question 36

Monitoring rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 36

Clinical observation to look at the level of inflammation X-rays to allow joints to be examined more closely Blood tests to measure the amount of rheumatoid factor antibodies

Question 37

Treatment for osteo arthritis

Answer 37

Painkillers like ibuprofen, morphine Steroid injections Physiotherapy Adaptations like stair lifts Gentle exercise

Question 38

Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 38

Painkillers, like ibuprofen and morphine Steroid injections Physiotherapy Adaptations like stair lifts Gentle exercise Biological treatment DMARDS medication