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Unit 4 > LO2 > Flashcards

LO2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the respiratory system?

A

Allow you to exchange gases

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2
Q

What are the main organs that make up the respiratory system?

A

Lungs
Trachea
Bronchi

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3
Q

What is symptoms with someone experience if they had a problem with the respiratory system?

A

Tiredness
Dizziness
Chest pains

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4
Q

What does the plural membrane do?

A

Produce a lubricating, Sarah’s fluid that fills the area between layers of pleura
It allows the layers of pleura to slide against each other easily during respiration

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5
Q

Where is the intercoastal muscle found?

A

Between each rib

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6
Q

What is a diaphragm?

A

A large sheet of muscle that sits between the thorax eg chest and abdomen

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7
Q

What is the name of the voice box?

A

Larynx

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8
Q

What is the name of a tiny balloon like air sack

A

Alveoli

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9
Q

What are the tiny branches that spread all through our lungs?

A

Bronchioles

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10
Q

What is the name of the two things that split from the trachea

A

Bronchus

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11
Q

What protects the trachea and closes when you swallow

A

Epiglottis

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12
Q

What is known as the windpipe?

A

Trachea

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13
Q

What where does inhaled gases move throughout the body?

A

Trachea to the bronchi to the bronchioles and eventually engine off at the alveoli at the end

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14
Q

What is an alveoli S

A

Network of capillaries

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15
Q

Structure of an alveoli

A

Thin walls oneself thick
Covered by a network of fine capillaries

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16
Q

What does inspiration mean?

A

Breathing in

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17
Q

What does expiration mean?

A

Breathing out

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18
Q

Purpose of inspiration

A

To draw air into the lungs, the brain sends a nerve impulse to the external intercom muscles and the diaphragm
As the intercoastal muscles contract, it causes the rib cage to swing up and out

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19
Q

Role of the diaphragm

A

Nerve impulse causes a diaphragm to flatten

20
Q

Purpose of the plural membrane

A

Asda pleural membranes attach the lungs to the rib cage and diaphragm movement of these structures, means the lungs have to follow and are therefore stretched opening of the alveoli
Fluid between membranes causes membranes to stick together
This causes an increase in lung volume, which causes the pressure of the air to decrease

21
Q

And what happens at expiration

A

Intercoastal muscles, relax it causes the rib cage to go in and down
The diaphragm relaxes in goes back
The lung volume will decrease calls in the pressure of the air to increase

22
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

23
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do?

A

Carry oxygenated blood to the heart

24
Q

What are the three adaptations of the alveoli?

A

The vast amount of air sacs increasing surface area
The walls of the alveoli are very thin
The and Aaliyah of the alveoli are very moist

25
Q

What does diffusion mean?

A

When molecules move along a concentration gradient from a high concentration to a low concentration down a concentration gradient

26
Q

What is asthma?

A

An autoimmune disease and it can be due to genetics or the environment

27
Q

What is the cause of asthma?

A

When the bronchi of the lungs are inflamed and becomes narrower

28
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A

Coughing
Shortness of breath

29
Q

What is emphysema?

A

And it is the inflammation and damage to the alveoli, which decreases the amount of oxygen that can be absorbed

30
Q

Causes of emphysema

A

Long-term Smoking

31
Q

Symptoms of emphysema

A

Tired
Shortness of breath

32
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

This is a genetic disorder of the cell membrane. Is it results in a fix sticky mucus in the air passages and in the pancreas

33
Q

What is cystic fibrosis caused by?

A

I recessive allele, and therefore both parents need to carry the gene in order to to be passed on

34
Q

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis

A

Tiredness
Continuous cough,
Shortness of breath, 

35
Q

What is the structure of an animal cell?

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Nucleus

36
Q

What happens inside of the mitochondria?

A

A chemical reaction where energy is released from glucose

37
Q

Aerobic respiration calculation

A

Glucose plus oxygen arrow carbon dioxide plus water plus energy

38
Q

What does aerobic mean?

A

It requires oxygen

39
Q

What is ATP?

A

A molecule that stores energy, but can quickly release it for muscle contractions, active transport and chemical reactions

40
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Is a vital chemical reaction that occurs in the mitochondria of all of cells all the time
It is a highly efficient process that produces lots of ATP per glucose molecule

41
Q

ATP is a …

A

High energy molecule

42
Q

Uses of ATP in cells are:

A

Muscle contraction
Driving chemical reaction
Active transport
Transmission of nerve impulses

43
Q

What are the stages of aerobic respiration

A

Glycolysis
Kerbs cycle
Electron transport chain

44
Q

Anaerobic respiration formula

A

Glucose arrow ATP + lactic acid

45
Q

What does anaerobic mean

A

Without oxygen

46
Q

What does anaerobic respiration produce

A

ATP
lactic acid

47
Q

What happens at oxygen debt

A

Breathing rate increases
Deeper breathing
Heart rate increases

Unit 4 (6 decks)

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