local and general anesthetics (exam 3)

Question 1

with local anesthetics, what will be affected?

Answer 1

-temp
-touch
-proprioception
-muscle tone

Question 2

what is our example local anesthetic?

Answer 2

lidocaine

Question 3

what anesthetic blocks nerve conduction, which blocks pain signal conduction

Answer 3

local anesthetic (lidocaine)

Question 4

what are adverse effects of local anesthetic (lidocaine)

Answer 4

***increased effect with epinephrine
vary based on route
burning/pain at application site
n/v and shivers

Question 5

what are contraindications of local anesthetic (lidocaine)

Answer 5

cardiac abnormalities

Question 6

what are the methods of administration for local anesthetics?

Answer 6

topical, field block, nerve block

Question 7

what method of local anesthetic administration is ointment or drops to skin/mucous membranes

Answer 7

topical

Question 8

what are examples of topical anesthetics?

Answer 8

sunburn cream, sore throat spray, pain patches

Question 9

what method of local anesthetic administration is a barrier around the surgical site?

Answer 9

field block

Question 10

when would a field block local anesthetic be used?

Answer 10

tooth extraction

Question 11

what method of local anesthetic administration is blocking a large nerve plexus?

Answer 11

nerve block

Question 12

what are examples of nerve block local anesthetic?

Answer 12

epidural, spinal block

Question 13

topical anesthetics take how long to work?

Answer 13

20 mins

Question 14

what do you have to monitor when using small doses of lidocaine?

Answer 14

cardiac system

Question 15

what is an important patient education for local anesthetics?

Answer 15

fall risk

Question 16

what is the rational for withholding drink after local anesthetic to mouth/throat?

Answer 16

prevent aspiration

Question 17

what is medication induced unconsciousness with loss of protective reflexes?

Answer 17

general anesthesia

Question 18

what are the goals of general anesthesia?

Answer 18

-amnesia: memory loss
-analgesia: no pain
-hypnosis: unconsciousness
-immobility: muscle relax

Question 19

using several drugs to reach anesthetic goal

Answer 19

balanced anesthesia

Question 20

what are the 3 phases of general anesthesia?

Answer 20

1) induction
2) maintenance
3) emergence

Question 21

what stage of general anesthesia is where the patient becomes unconscious

Answer 21

induction

Question 22

what phase of general anesthesia is during the procedure?

Answer 22

maintenance

Question 23

what meds are given during the maintenance phase of general anesthesia?

Answer 23

anti-emetics, opioids, or neuromuscular blocking agents

Question 24

what phase of general anesthesia is where the procedure ends?

Answer 24

emergence

Question 25

what are the 5 drug classes for balanced anesthesia?

Answer 25

-benzodiazepines -analgesics -inhaled anesthetics -IV anesthetics -neuromuscular blocking agents

Question 26

what is our example inhaled anesthetic?

Answer 26

isoflurane

Question 27

which general anesthetic diffuses from the lungs, effecting neurotransmitters systemically

Answer 27

inhaled anesthetics (isoflurane)

Question 28

what general anesthetic is used for induction or maintenance of anesthesia?

Answer 28

inhaled anesthetics (isoflurane)

Question 29

what are adverse effects of inhaled anesthetics (isoflurane)?

Answer 29

**malignant hyperthermia CV/resp depression airway irritaion

Question 30

what is the antidote for malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 30

dantrolene

Question 31

what are contraindications of inhaled anesthetics (isoflurane)

Answer 31

history of familial malignant hyperthermia

Question 32

what is our example IV general anesthetic?

Answer 32

propofol

Question 33

what general anesthetic causes depression of CNS and blocks perception of pain

Answer 33

IV anesthetic (propofol)

Question 34

what general anesthetic is used for rapid induction of anesthesia (less than a minute)

Answer 34

IV anesthetic (propofol)

Question 35

what is the recovery time for IV anesthetic (propofol)

Answer 35

10 mins

Question 36

what are adverse effects of IV anesthetic (propofol)

Answer 36

pain and burning at IV site

Question 37

what are contraindications of IV anesthetic (propofol)

Answer 37

allergy to soy, egg, or preservatives

Question 38

what is our example neuromuscular blocking agent?

Answer 38

VECURONIUM, succinylcholine

Question 39

what is used to suspend nerve impulses leading to paralysis?

Answer 39

neuromuscular blocking agents (vecuronium)

Question 40

what is used to relax muscles during anesthesia -also used during intubation and mechanical ventilation

Answer 40

neuromuscular blocking agents (vecuronium)

Question 41

what are adverse effects of neuromuscular blocking agents (vecuronium)

Answer 41

allergic reactions

Question 42

what are contraindications of neuromuscular blocking agents (vecuronium)

Answer 42

allergies

Question 43

what are the administration routes of neuromuscular blocking agents (vecuronium)

Answer 43

IVP or IV drip

Question 44

what is the onset of neuromuscular blocking agents (vecuronium)

Answer 44

3-5 mins

Question 45

what is the duration of neuromuscular blocking agents (vecuronium)

Answer 45

25-40 mins

Question 46

which adjuvant med for anesthesia is used to produce anesthesia, reduce anxiety, help sedation, and can cause hypnosis?

Answer 46

benzodiazepines (midazolam)

Question 47

what is our example benzodiazepine as used in anesthesia?

Answer 47

midazolam

Question 48

what is the antidote for midazolam (benzo)

Answer 48

flumazenil

Question 49

what is our example analgesic as used in anesthesia?

Answer 49

fentanyl

Question 50

what is our adjuvant anesthesia med that is 100x stronger than morphine used for analgesia

Answer 50

fentanyl

Question 51

what is the antidote for fentanyl

Answer 51

naloxone

Question 52

nurse in OR declares malignant hyperthermia emergency. which are symptoms of it? -muscle rigidity -bradycardia -hypokalemia -increased urine

Answer 52

muscle rigidity

Question 53

pt. coming for colonoscopy will have propofol for sedation. which allergies should nurse report? -strawberries -peanuts -shrimp -eggs

Answer 53

eggs