worksheet (exam 1) Flashcards by Hailey Dlugolinski

what are some important patient education topics for antibiotics?

-finish them
-Discard any antibiotics that are discontinued
Allergies are common: what are the signs and symptoms: can happen after first dose
Unable to breathe
Rash
Confusion (especially in elderly)
GI distress is common: know which ones to take with food

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what are examples of aminoglycosides?

GENTAMYCIN, TOBRAMYCIN, neomycin, amikacin, streptomycin

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black box warnings for aminoglycosides (gentamycin and tobramycin)?

Black Box: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
Damage to CN 8 → dizziness, tinnitus, dec. hearing, can block Ach at receptor site and end muscular blockade
Edema

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examples of carbapenems?

MEROPENEM, ertapenem, imipenem and cilstatin

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notable adverse effects of carbapenems (meropenem)?

-c-diff
-pseudomembranous ulcerative colitis

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what is important to know about carbapenem injections

include lidocaine, they hurt

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examples of cephalosporins

Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Cefuroxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefepime
Ceftaroline

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what are notable adverse effects of cephalosporins

superinfections - yeast infections, c-diff

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what is an important nursing consideration for Ceftriaxone?

IM administration is painful

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examples of fluoroquinolones?

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

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what are some notable adverse effects of fluoroquinolones?

QT prolongation (life-threatening dysrhythmias) hypo/hyperglycemia, photosensitivity
-BBW: tendonitis, tendon rupture.

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what are contraindications of fluoroquinolones?

myasthenia gravis

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what meds have notable interactions with fluoroquinolones?

meds that prolong QT interval

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examples of macrolides?

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Fidaxomicin

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notable adverse effects of macrolides?

-cardiac dysrhythmias and liver toxicity

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notable drug interactions with macrolides?

be careful with drugs that can prolong QT interval

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important nursing considerations for macrolides?

Antacids reduce the absorption of macrolides so tell patients to take an hour before our two hours after

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examples of penicillins

Penicillin G (IM injection)
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Piperacillin

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notable adverse effects for penicillins?

-Hypersensitivity: highest rates of hypersensitivity reactions

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important nursing considerations for penicillins?

Ampicillin: rapid infusion may cause seizures

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examples of sulfonamides

-Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
-Sulfasalazine

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notable adverse effects of sulfonamides

Sulfasalazine: turns secretions orange

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what is the mechanism of action for sulfonamides

-Mechanism of Action: Folate antagonist (contraindicated in pregnancy)

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nursing considerations for sulfonamides?

-Sulfasalazine should be taken after meals and can stain skin (and contact lenses = orange)
-silver sulfadiazine you need sterile gloves

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examples of tetracyclines?

1) Tetracycline (Oral) 2) Doxycycline (Oral – preferred)

what are GI effects of tetracyclines?

espohagitis

what are derm effects of tetracyclines

photosensitivity

what are nursing considerations of tetracyclines?

-Doxycycline: administer on empty stomach WITH a lot of water! -Remain upright for min of 30 min -Outdated meds can damage kidneys so throw any outdated meds away

examples of urinary antiseptics?

Phenazopyridine (AZO)

notable adverse effects of urinary antiseptics (AZO)?

orange/red urine

important nursing considerations of phenazopyridine?

can not conduct a urinalysis while on it because of red/orange urine

what is vancomycin used to treat?

c-diff (first line)

what is the rate of infusion for vancomycin IV

30 mins fir every 500 mg

notable adverse effects for vancomycin?

IV is vesicant/irritant Hyaluronidase subdermal for extravasation Nephrotoxic Trough - 10 - 15 mcg/mL

what are contraindications of vancomycin?

Nephrotoxic (caution in renal dysfunction)

what is recommended for a vancomycin infusion?

central line

what med is used topically for staph infections?

clindamycin

what is a black box warning of clindamycin?

diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis

what med is used systemically for very serious infections?

clindamycin

________, ______, and _____ increase the risk of serotonin syndrome

linezolid, SSRIs, SNIRs

what med is very effective at treating E. coli, travelers diarrhea, and HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY?

rifaximin

what med is a broad spectrum IV antibiotic for meningitis, plaque, and CHF

chloramphenicol

black box warning for chloramphenicol?

aplastic anemia (bone marrow damage)

what is isoniazid used to treat?

what is an adverse effect of isoniazid (INH)

peripheral neuropathy

black box warning for INH?

liver toxicity

what are important nursing considerations of INH?

-Administer Vitamin B6 to help with peripheral neuropathy (combination therapy does exist) - direct observation to ensure compliance

what is rifampin used to treat?

what is an important consideration of rifampin?

red/orange secretions

what is ethambutol used to treat?

what is a side effect of ethambutol?

optic neuritis

what is Pyrazinamide (PZA) used to treat?

what is a contraindication of Pyrazinamide (PZA)?

wait for gout to pass before giving med

what are nursing considerations for Pyrazinamide (PZA)?

Pancreatitis labs = amylase + lipase, back pain Hepatotoxicity - ast/alt. RUQ pain

what is ribavirin used to treat?

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

what is oseltamivir used for?

influenza

what is a contraindication for RSV / flu drugs?

pregnant people can not be in the room with administration

what is a nursing consideration for oseltamivir?

administer within 48 hours of onset of symptoms

what is Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir used to treat?

COVID-19

what is important to know about Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir?

there are many drug interactions

when should you start taking Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir?

within 5 days of symptom onset

what is remdesivir used to treat?

COVID-19

what is an important consideration for remdesivir?

Hard for outpatient to take because they have to come in 3 days in a row Day 1: 200 mg IV Day 2&3: 100 mg IV

what is acyclovir used to treat?

herpes

what is a notable adverse effect of acyclovir?

teratogenic

what is ganiciclovir used to treat?

cytomegalovirus

what is zidovudine used for?

given oral throughout pregnancy if mom has HIV and is sued during L&D if viral load of mom is high

what is important to know about HIV/AIDS drugs?

they all work together to lower viral load

what are lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, and tenofovir used for?

hepatitis

what are notable adverse effects of hepatitis drugs?

pancreatitis

examples of azole antifungals

fluconazole ketoconazole

what are azoles used for?

fungal infections

what are notable adverse effects of azoles?

liver toxicity

what are nursing considerations of azoles?

administer with food. (helps with GI distress - smaller, more frequent meals)

adverse effects of echinocandins?

bone marrow suppression

what are echinocandins used for?

anti-fungal

what are important considerations for echinocandins?

monitor CBC

what are polyenes used for?

anti fungal, disrupt cell membrane

what are adverse effects of polyenes?

multiple organ failure

what is terbinafine used for?

broad-spectrum anti-fungal

what are notable drug interactions of terbinafine?

All of the CYP2D6 drugs (fluconazole, digoxin, there are many)

what are nursing considerations for terbinafine?

How long will the client take this? -for the hand, it’s 6 weeks and for the foot it’s 12 weeks Will the infection be completely resolved? -symptoms will not have completely resolved by the time treatment is complete

what is chloroquine phosphate used for?

anti-malarial

what is hydroxychloroquine used for?

anti-malarial

what are notable adverse effects of anti-malarials

EKG changes and retinal toxicity

what is metronidazole used for?

anti-parasitic

what are contraindications for anti-parasitics?

avoid alcohol

how long should alcohol be avoided on anti-parasitic drugs and why?

-during and 48 hours afterward -can develop flushing, headaches, N/V

how often should you get eye exams on anti-malarials?

routinely and 1-2 weeks prior to exposure and 4 weeks after exposure

what is permethirin used for?

scabicide / pediculicide

notable adverse effects of scabicides / pediculicides

burn, itch, tingle

notable nursing cinsiderations of scabicides / pediculicides

-needs to be on for 8-14 hours before washing off (permethrin)

contraindications for anthelmintics?

avoid alcohol

example of antineoplastic / alkylating drugs

cisplatin, cyclophosphamide

what is used for advanced treatment of bladder, ovarian, and testicular cancer

cisplatin

what is the antidote for cisplatin?

sodium thiosulfate

what is important to know about cyclophosphamide (cancer drug)

drink 2L of fluids for 1-2 days after dose

what is hydroxyurea used to treat?

sickle cell

what are 2 important things to know about hydroxyurea?

-do not crush / break -wear chemo drugs

what med treats and lowers risk of breast cancer?

tamoxifen

what is important about antineoplastic hormone inhibitors?

periodic bone density testing

what are complications from antineoplastic drugs?

-n/v -anorexia -fatigue -alopecia -mucositis -infection -bleeding -hyperuricemia -hand-foot syndrome!

how to treat n/v related to anti-cancer (antineoplastic) drugs?

-with serotonin reuptake antagonist and corticosteroid -palonosetron -benzodiazepines

how to treat anorexia related to antineoplastics?

use supplements

what to educate patient about alopecia related to anti-cancer drugs?

its temporary

what is a complication of antineoplastics that are ulcers on mucosal cavities and even thru GI

mucositis

how long does mucositis last?

7-10 days

how to help the effect of mucositis on antineoplastics?

chew ice before chemo

why does infection happen on antineoplastics?

it trashes bone marrow

how to help infection due to antineoplastics?

-handwashing, no swimming in freshwater -filgrastim or sargramostim administration -redo vaccinations

how to help hyperuricemia related to antineoplastics?

-encourage fluid intake -saline IV -allopurinol administration

how to help hand-foot syndrome related to antineoplastics?

-reduce heat and friction -ice and acetaminophen

what are cytoprotectants used for?

cancer

what cytoprotectant stimulates RBC production?

Epoetin alfa

what cytoprotectant stimulates WBC production

filgrastim

what cytoprotectant acts like folic acid

Leucovorin

what is the rescue drug if given too much methotrexate?

Leucovorin

what is seen in the treatment of bone cancer that proliferates bulky tumors

tumor lysis syndrome

safe handling of chemo drugs?

-double chemo gloves, gown -eye/face protection if risk for emesis or splash, ALWAYS for irrigation or aerosol

worksheet (exam 1) Flashcards

(119 cards)