redfern material (exam 3)

Question 1

a deficiency in this inhibitory neurotransmitter is responsible for causing anxiety

Answer 1

GABA

Question 2

T or F?
anxiety is always negative

Answer 2

false

Question 3

why is it important to not stop a benzodiazepine abruptly?

Answer 3

rapid discontinuation will cause withdrawal

Question 4

T or F?
there is no risk of dependence while taking benzo

Answer 4

false

Question 5

what are the 3 meds to treat anxiety?

Answer 5

benzodiazepines, SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants

Question 6

what stage of sleep is dreams, more body movement, faster pulse, and increased breathing?

Answer 6

REM

Question 7

adverse effects of benzodiazepines?

Answer 7

dizzy, drowsy, falls, confusion, depressed, seizures, nausea

Question 8

what should be avoided while taking benzos

Answer 8

alcohol

Question 9

T or F
you can administer grapefruit juice with meds

Answer 9

false

Question 10

______ can interact with prescription meds, so make sure you know what your patient is taking

Answer 10

herbal supplements, OTC meds

Question 11

T/F?
Benadryl when used in children can cause CNS excitability rather than CNS depression

Answer 11

true

Question 12

what are the 3 neurotransmitters involved in pathophysiology of depression

Answer 12

norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

Question 13

how long should a patient take an antidepressant medication before symptoms improve

Answer 13

4-6 weeks

Question 14

what is the BBW for tricyclic antidepressants?

Answer 14

SI in adolescents, toxic in overdose

Question 15

what are some adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 15

CNS: ortho hypo, nystagmus, restless, tremors
-cardiac dysrhythmias, myocardial depression

Question 16

tricyclic antidepressants should not be used with what other drug class as serious implications can occur?

Answer 16

MAOIs (seizure/death)

Question 17

what dietary teaching is needed for a patient on a MAOI

Answer 17

avoid tyramine rich foods (aged cheese, processed meat, beer, wine)

Question 18

what can occur if a patient on a MAOI eats tyramine foods?

Answer 18

hypertensive crisis

Question 19

what is the treatment of a hypertensive crisis?

Answer 19

phentolamine

Question 20

what is the BBW for an atypical antipsychotic used for smoking cessation

Answer 20

neuropsychiatric reaction

Question 21

what is the drug of choice for bipolar

Answer 21

lithium

Question 22

how is lithium excreted

Answer 22

kidneys

Question 23

explain importance of watching fluid/sodium intake while taking lithium

Answer 23

avoid toxicity

Question 24

how often are serum drug concentrations of lithium required and when should they be taken?

Answer 24

2-3x weekly
should be in the morning, 12 hours after last dose

Question 25

what is the neurotransmitter most prominently associated with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

Answer 25

dopamine

Question 26

what are the 2 major drug classes of meds used to treat psychotic disorders?

Answer 26

typical first gen atypical second gen

Question 27

what is an example of a typical first generation anti-psychotic

Answer 27

chlorpromazine

Question 28

what is an example of an atypical second generation anti-psychotic

Answer 28

clozapine

Question 29

therapeutic effects of antipsychotic therapy usually occur over what time frame?

Answer 29

1-2 months

Question 30

which gen of antipsychotics have lower risk side effects

Answer 30

second gen

Question 31

what condition can occur as a result of long term antipsychotic use

Answer 31

tardive dyskinesia

Question 32

what condition involves loss of muscle movement, muscle rigidity and tremors, shuffling gait, masked facies, and drooling?

Answer 32

drug induced Parkinson's

Question 33

why is it important for prescribers to limit number of doses that can be obtained with a stimulant

Answer 33

reduces dependence reduces others abusing it when they dont have it prescribed

Question 34

large doses of stimulants can lead to what?

Answer 34

excessive CNS stimulation and sympathetic nervous system stimulation

Question 35

when should a stimulant be administered and why?

Answer 35

early in morning after awakening, last dose 6 hours before bedtime. children should take 30-45 mins before meals to minimalize appetite supressant

Question 36

explain significance of drug holiday

Answer 36

can cause appetite suppression, so the child doesnt have to take during school. Allows return of normal function, maintain sensitivity to drug and reduce adverse effects. decreases weight loss and growth suppression

Question 37

BBW for amphetamine related drugs

Answer 37

risk of dependence. this has been added to all ADHD and narcolepsy drugs for risk of sudden death, CV probs, and psychosis and aggression

Question 38

what neurotransmitter stimulates brains reward system and leads to compulsive drug administration/abuse

Answer 38

dopaminergic neurons

Question 39

name 3 reasons why treatment of drug dependence is limited

Answer 39

1) only specific antidotes available 2) high risk for substituting drugs 3) drawbacks to giving CNS stimulants to reverse effects of CNS depressant and vice-verse

Question 40

BBW of using benzos for alcohol wothdrawal

Answer 40

use of benzos with opioid anlgesics have serious adverse reactions including resp depression and death

Question 41

patient should never consume what when taking antabuse? what household items should they avoid?

Answer 41

-alcohol -cough syrup, mouth wash, vinegar, cologne, hand sanitizer

Question 42

meds to treat opioid abuse?

Answer 42

methadone, natrexone, buprenorphine

Question 43

BBW for methadone

Answer 43

needs to be approved for opioid addiction deaths reported emergency services on standby monitor QT interval (prolongation)

Question 44

T/F? there are many proven pharmacological treatments related to CNS stimulant abuse / dependence?

Answer 44

false