locomotion and mobilty Flashcards
(60 cards)
What are the basic components of gait?
Invariant features and unique variations/modifications
Invariant features are the basic components in all walking patterns, while unique variations are the altered parameters for different walking patterns.
What are the phases of gait?
Swing phase, stance phase, double support phase
These phases represent the different stages of the walking cycle.
What is cadence in the context of gait?
The rate of steps taken per minute
What is the role of reciprocal arm swing in locomotion?
Helps maintain balance and rhythm during walking
Define locomotion.
Rhythmic patterns of muscle activation that move the body in the desired direction
What is postural control?
Organization of multiple systems to achieve orientation and stability
What does orientation refer to in the context of gait?
Aligning body segments to one another and the environment
What is the significance of sagittal plane dynamics in gait?
Improves energy efficiency of gait
What is medial-lateral stability?
The largest postural challenge during gait
What are the three types of control in postural contributions to gait?
- Steady-state control
- Anticipatory control
- Reactive control
True or False: Performance of complex cognitive tasks does not impact gait performance.
False
What is the impact of dual-tasking on gait?
Leads to reduced gait speed and increased weaving
Fill in the blank: _______ features are those that affect gait but do not directly relate to locomotion.
Non-regulatory
What are central pattern generators (CPG)?
Neural networks that control basic rhythmic movements underlying locomotion
What role does the cerebellum play in locomotion?
Modulation of the step cycle
a problem with the cerebellum could lead to ataxia - uncoordinated, improper movements
What is reactive control in gait?
Recover stability following unexpected perturbations
What are proactive strategies in gait?
Used to minimize destabilizing forces arising from movements
What is the effect of plantar flexor weakness on gait?
Decreases gait velocity and may cause compensatory patterns
Define spasticity in the context of gait.
Inappropriate activation of a muscle during rapid lengthening
What is the relationship between spasticity and gait speed?
Inversely related; higher spasticity leads to slower gait
What is the common compensatory pattern for quadriceps weakness?
Forward trunk lean and knee hyperextension
What is the impact of hip abductor weakness on gait?
Results in drop of pelvis on the contralateral side
What is the effect of abnormal synergies in gait?
Results in stereotypical and fixed patterns of movement
