Logic & Ethics

Question 1

Logic

Answer 1

The science and art of correct

Question 2

Reasoning

Answer 2

the process of inferring or drawing a new truth based on what is given.

Question 3

Reasoning is a

Answer 3

Mental process and therefore cannot be directly studied.

Question 4

Reasoning when verbally expressed

Answer 4

becomes an argument.

Question 5

Concept

Answer 5

an idea or a product of a mental act

Question 6

Copula

Answer 6

linking verb

Question 7

Proposition

Answer 7

subject term + Predicate term

Question 8

Plato

Answer 8

Asserts that concepts or forms have pre-existed

Question 9

Aristotle

Answer 9

believes that knowledge is not innate

Question 10

Empirical Concepts

Answer 10

These are concepts whose members have observable traits without the aide of sensory extending devices and whose members of their extension are found to exist in space and time.

Question 11

Theoretical Concepts

Answer 11

These are concepts whose members exist in space and time but their traits become observable only through the use of sensory extending devices.

Question 12

Metaphysical Concepts

Answer 12

The members of the extension of these concepts exist outside the realm of space and time, in another dimension so to speak.

Question 13

Fictitious Concepts

Answer 13

Although the members of the exxtension of these concepts are believed to exist beyond time and space, they are believed to be creations of people. They are created by combining empirical concepts together to form a new one.

Question 14

Abstract Concepts

Answer 14

Members of the extension of these concepts can only be understood by the mind as they are considered mental entities. They cannot be perceived by the senses but the mind can.

Question 15

Dispotional Concepts

Answer 15

The members of the extension of these concepts are not directly observable by the senses. Their traits become observable only though the performance of certain operations. And what we observe are just their manifestations

Question 16

Evaluative Concepts

Answer 16

These are concepts used to signify our understanding of morality and aesthetics.

Question 17

Referential Theory of Meaning

Answer 17

States that the meaning of a word lies in its referent or the actual object pointed out by the word.

Question 18

Use Theory of Meaning

Answer 18

The theory asserts that the meaning of words simply lies in its use.

Question 19

Intension

Answer 19

Also called Connotation or Comprehension, it is the sum total of thought-elements or notes that constitute a term. It refers to the way the mind understands what a term is.

Question 20

Extension

Answer 20

Al called denotation or reference, it is the individuals or groups to which a term is applied.

Question 21

Use of Synonym

Answer 21

Substituting a not so familar term with a more familiar one

Question 22

Reportive Definition

Answer 22

This is the type of definition that you find in dictionaries.

Question 23

Stipulative Definition

Answer 23

This type of definition defines a word by showing how the word is used in a special way.

Question 24

Operational Definition

Answer 24

This definition is used to define terms that are used to signify dispositional concepts.

Question 25

Logical Definition

Answer 25

This type of definition was formulatd by earlier linguistic philosophers in an attempt to provide a more accurate meaning of defining terms. This type of definition defines a term using two categories: Definiendum and Definiens.

Question 26

Analytic Definition

Answer 26

This is an improvement of the logical definition. It makes use of three categories: Definiendum, definiens, and denotata.

Question 27

Rules For Good Analytic Definitions

Answer 27

Avoid Using metaphors and other figures of speech. It must be general enough to include legitimate members. It must not be too general to include non-members. Avoid stating the definition in the negative. Avoid circular definition