London

Question 1

“I wander through each charter’d street”

Answer 1

First-person narrator personalises the poem and makes it seem more real.
Description of the streets being ‘charter’d’ represents how they feel like they are constantly being surveillanced

Question 2

“where the charter’d Thames does flow”

Answer 2

Even powerful, natural features like the River Thames are under human control and affected by society’s problems

Question 3

“every cry of man”
“every infant’s cry of fear”
“every voice”

Answer 3

Repetition highlights bleakness- despair affects everyone and there’s no relief from it. People are trapped in every way, even by thoughts and attitudes.
These sounds emphasise a more vivid and hellish experience.

Question 4

“how the chimney sweepers cry”
“every black’ning church appalls”

Answer 4

Chimney sweepers were often young boys, representing an emotive language of the exploitation of the young and poor.
The choice of “black” suggests that it is corrupt and tarnished by its failure to look after people. It is a grim visual image of the ugliness caused by the industrial revolution. He is furious with the church.