Low Altitude Tactics

Question 1

Low Level Flight

Answer 1

Route consists of straight line navigation at a constant airspeed and altitude

Question 2

Contour Flight

Answer 2

Takes advantage of available cover and concealment to avoid enemy detection by varying airspeed and altitude as obstacles and vegetation dictate

Question 3

How should the RADALT be set during LAT routes

Answer 3

Set at the minimum altitude (hard deck) minus 10% of that altitude so that the warning does not constantly trigger.

Question 4

Response when RADALT Low Altitude Warning Sounds

Answer 4

PF shall make verbal response “correcting” and increase separation back to briefed minimum altitude then PF shall make verbal response “reset”

Question 5

Height Above Terrain Feature

Answer 5

Terrain obstacles that are co-altitude with the aircraft appear yellow, those higher than the aircrafts altitude appear red

Question 6

Terrain Shading Feature

Answer 6

24 bands of gray, centered around the middle height of the displayed terrain to look 3-dimensional with darkest shades at the highest elevation

Question 7

Sun Shading Feature

Answer 7

15 shades of gray with light sources elevation and azimuth adjustable to display a real time view of the terrain

Question 8

Estimated fuel burn with ECLs at 75% Nr

Answer 8

20 PPM1200 PPH

Question 9

Estimated max range fuel burn

Answer 9

45 PPM2700 PPH

Question 10

Estimated max endurance fuel burn

Answer 10

30 PPM1800 PPH

Question 11

Estimated fuel burn at 240 KCAS

Answer 11

60 PPM3600 PPH

Question 12

Estimated fuel burn at 90% Qm

Answer 12

66 PPM 3960 PPH

Question 13

Estimated fuel burn at 100% Qm

Answer 13

73 PPM4380 PPH

Question 14

Line of Sight Function

Answer 14

Provides real time information from the aircraft to a selected point showing if the LOS is clear or obstructed, and elevation, bearing and distance to the point.

Question 15

Time on target function

Answer 15

Mission Computer compares the desired time of arrival against the current system time and winds aloft to calculate the recommended groundspeed, ETE and ETA for each leg leading to the TOT waypoint.

Question 16

Time on target is synonymous with what term

Answer 16

L-hour

Question 17

When will the wingman not fly step down

Answer 17

When lead is 300ft AGL or below

Question 18

Comfort Level (CL)

Answer 18

The lowest altitude where an aircrew can accommodate task loading and maintain safe terrain clearance. It varies depending on terrain, aircrew skill, currency, etc..

Question 19

Climb to Cope

Answer 19

Performed when SA or mission performance is degraded. Executed as an adjustment to CL or as a response to KIO. Training can resume once aircrew are confident that safe operations are assured

Question 20

Knock it Off (KIO)

Answer 20

Result of a dangerous loss of SA or potentially hazardous circumstance develops

Question 21

Response to KIO

Answer 21

Immediate wings level controlled climb to a briefed altitude and discontinuation of training until the cause has been addressed

Question 22

Conditions that warrant a KIO call

Answer 22

1. Any aircraft descends below minimum briefed altitude2. Any aircraft descends in a turn that was intended to be level3. Any aircraft NORDO or loses ICS4. Aircrew loses SA5. Other unsafe condition

Question 23

When can more than one flight operate on a LAT route

Answer 23

1. Common frequency monitored by each flight2. Each flight has their own discrete frequency3. Flight separation is pre-briefed

Question 24

Terminate

Answer 24

To cease current maneuver with leveling off at present or briefed altitude

Question 25

MSA

Answer 25

500ft clearance above highest obstacle within 5nm either side of course line for that leg of the route

Question 26

ESA

Answer 26

1000ft clearance above highest obstacle within 25nm either side of course line for the entire route

Question 27

50% Rule

Answer 27

Used to provide maximum flight path angle by using 50% of the maneuver initiation altitude AGL in hundreds of feet. (ex. from 4000ft use 20 degrees nose down)

Question 28

5 degree rule

Answer 28

Used to determine rapid descent angle following a vertical climb in response to a threat. Use 5 degrees less than the maximum flight path angle used during the climb

Question 29

Small descent rule

Answer 29

Flight path angle should not exceed 1 degree per 100ft of altitude deviation

Question 30

Dive Recovery Rule

Answer 30

Provides dive recovery initiate altitudes as a function of initial dive flight path angle with a planned recovery of 200ft AGL

Question 31

Dive Recovery Rule Dive FPAs and corresponding initiate recovery altitudes

Answer 31

20 degrees - 800ft15 degrees - 600ft10 degrees - 450ft5 degrees - 300ft

Question 32

APLN Mode Turn Maneuver

Answer 32

Initiate at 240 KCAS1. 60 degree AOB turn maintaining altitude and airspeed for 180 degrees2. Roll wings level and note the turn radius, rate, and ability to maintain level flight3. Repeat at 200 KCAS

Question 33

Converting Turn Maneuver

Answer 33

Initiate at 240 KCAS1. 60 degree AOB turn 2. Autobeep to 100% Nr when reaching 220 KCAS and reduce power3. At 200 KCAS reduce AOB to 45 degrees and begin conversion to 60 degree nacelle4. During conversion, add full power and pull aft stick to reduce radius of turn5. Roll wings level after 180 degrees of heading change

Question 34

Level Quick Stop

Answer 34

1. Establish straight and level at 500ft AGL, 240 KCAS2. TCL full aft3. Increase pitch to maintain altitude4. Autobeep as the aircraft decelerates below 220 KCAS5. Max rate nacelles aft6. Approaching 60 degrees adjust pitch attitude toward level and adjust power to maintain level flight

Question 35

Purpose of Level Quick Stop

Answer 35

To rapidly decelerate while maintaining minimum LAT obstacle clearance

Question 36

Easy Turn

Answer 36

Basically a standard rate turn

Question 37

Hard Turn

Answer 37

Energy sustaining turn where AOB is adjusted to maintain airspeed and altitude while at max continuous power

Question 38

Max Performance Turn

Answer 38

Maximum NATOPS AOB, non-energy sustaining turn. Used for threat reaction

Question 39

Bunt Maneuver

Answer 39

Used to cross terrain that is perpendicular to the course1. Commence wings level climb, ideally at the lowest part of the obstacle2. Once cleared reduce climb rate to cross terrain feature 3. Once clear descend

Question 40

Roll Maneuver

Answer 40

Used to cross terrain that runs generally parallel to the course line1. Parallel the terrain feature2. Initiate a hard turn toward the obstacle and cross at a 45 degree angle3. Initiate a wings level climb across the lowest part of the obstacle4. Once clear, begin descent 5. Initiate a hard turn to intercept the flight path

Question 41

Zoom Climb Maneuver

Answer 41

1. Begin at 240 KCAS2. Add full power and pull the nose to max pitch attitude3. Allow the nose to drop to maintain 180 KCAS in the climb4. Level off at appropriate altitude

Question 42

Inertia Maneuver

Answer 42

1. Establish a zoom climb2. 300ft prior to level off altitude, enter a 60 degree AOB, relax aft stick, and bottom rudder3. As the nose slices toward the horizon and VVI approaches 0 fpm, level the wings

Question 43

Maximum Angle of Climb Maneuver

Answer 43

1. Begin at 240 KCAS 2. Raise the nose to 20 degrees and auto beep to 100% Nr3. At 220 KCAS, reduce power to idle 4. At 200 KCAS convert to 60 degree nacelle, while adding power 5. As the airspeed bleeds to 75 KCAS lower the nose to maintain best climb angle

Question 44

Straight Oblique

Answer 44

Also known as the Climb to Dive Maneuver1. Begin at 95% Qm 2. Initiate an increase in pitch to max allowable3. Once desired pitch is reached, roll into max AOB turn 4. Once AOB has been reached, push the nose down thorough the horizon to establish a rate of descent 5. Use the 5 degree rule to determine pitch down6. Once the nose crosses through the horizon roll wings level 7. Initiate dive recovery to recover at 200ft AGL

Question 45

Distance to climb, max climb rate and, max climb airspeed at 40,000 lbs

Answer 45

5 nm4,000 fpm 122 KCAS

Question 46

Distance to climb, max climb rate and, max climb airspeed at 45,000 lbs

Answer 46

7 nm3,100 fpm 133 KCAS

Question 47

Distance to climb, max climb rate and, max climb airspeed at 50,000 lbs

Answer 47

10 nm2,400 fpm 144 KCAS

Question 48

Distance to climb, max climb rate and, max climb airspeed at 55,000 lbs

Answer 48

14 nm1,800 fpm 154 KCAS

Question 49

Distance to climb, max climb rate and, max climb airspeed at 60,000 lbs

Answer 49

20 nm1,300 fpm 162 KCAS

Question 50

Where can LAT not be conducted

Answer 50

Over water

Question 51

Where can LAT be conducted

Answer 51

Restricted AreaMOAMilitary Training Routes

Question 52

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Answer 52

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