Lower Abdomen Anatomy Lecture Powerpoint

Question 1

Pathway of GI

Answer 1

• Mouth
• esophagus
• stomach
• duodenum
• jejunum
• ileum
• Cecum
• ascending colon
• transverse colon
• descending colon
• sigmoid colon
• rectum
• anus

Question 2

Nearly all nutrient absorption occurs in the….

Answer 2

….small intestine

Question 3

Duodenum

Answer 3

Portion of small intestine that curves around head of pancreas receiving stomach contents as well as sphincter of oddi, retroperitoneal portion of alimentary canal

Question 4

Ligament of Treitz

Answer 4

Small hard piece of intestine that wraps around the circumference dividing duodenum from jejunum

Question 5

Jejunum

Answer 5

Portion of small intestine receiving flow from the duodenum, covered in serosa and suspended by mesentary

Question 6

Ileum

Answer 6

Last portion of small intestine, covered with serosa and suspended by mesentary ending at ileocecal junction

Question 7

Secretin (source and function)

Answer 7

Released by the duodenum and stimulates secretion of sodium bicarbinate from pancreas and bile secretion in the liver

Question 8

Cholecystokinin source and function)

Answer 8

Duodenum, stimulates release of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and emptying of bile from gallbladder

Question 9

Gastrin Inhibitory peptide (source and function)

Answer 9

Released by the duodenum to decrease stomach motility to slow emptying of the stomach

Question 10

Motilin (source and funciton)

Answer 10

Duodenum, increases GI motility and stimulates pepsin prodctuin

Question 11

Gastroduodenal artery

Answer 11

Derived from: common hepatic artery

Travels to upper duodenum and head of pancreas to supply

Question 12

Superior mesenteric artery

Answer 12

Derived from: abdominal aorta
Travels after branching just inferior to celiac trunk to supply most of small intestine, lower part of duodenum, and cecum

Question 13

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Answer 13

Invaginations of the epithelial mucosa into the lamina propria where they form crypts housing stem cells and immune cells

Question 14

Another name for the submucosal plexus is the….

Answer 14

….meissner plexus

Question 15

Brunner’s glands

Answer 15

Submucosal glands found in the duodenum that produce bicarb and inhibit chief and parietal cells, protecting duodenum from acidic content

Question 16

Peyer’s patches are found only in the….

Answer 16

…ileum

Question 17

Another name for the myenteric plexus is the….

Answer 17

….Auerbach plexus

Question 18

Large intestine functions

Answer 18

-Absorb water and vitamins, convert food to feces

Question 19

A patient who has part of colon or small intestine removed will often see….

Answer 19

…watery diarrhea

Question 20

Small intestine absorbs

Answer 20

1) water, carb, protein, fat, electroyltes, vitamins

Question 21

Ileocecal valve

Answer 21

Transition point from small to large intestine,

Question 22

Large intestine muscularis mucosa layers

Answer 22

3 bands going across called tenia coli

Question 23

Haustra

Answer 23

Balloon like pouches made in the large intestine from contractions of tenia coli

Question 24

Epiploics

Answer 24

Small pouches of peritoneum filled with fat and siutated along the colon, similar to appendix in structure and serrve unknown function in the body

Question 25

What parts of the large intestine are not retroperitoneal

Answer 25

Transverse and sigmoid colon

Question 26

Inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 26

Derived from: abdominal aorta | Travels from just below the renal arteries anterior to supply the colon and rectum

Question 27

Gastrocolic and duodenocolic reflexes

Answer 27

Filling of stomach and duodenum stimulates gut motility typically encouraging a bowel movement

Question 28

External vs internal hemorrhoids

Answer 28

External have a lot of pain due to the fact they fall below the dentoid line while internal do not have pain

Question 29

Intrinsic defecation reflex

Answer 29

Stretching of rectum stimulates via myenteric plexus to cause muscularis to contract and internal sphincter to relax under involuntary control, defacation only occurs if external anal sphincter is voluntarily relaxed