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Rad Procedures x-ray views > lower extremities, sternum, and ribs > Flashcards

lower extremities, sternum, and ribs Flashcards

1
Q

AP Great Toe

A
  • 18x24cm
  • flex knee
  • CR angled 10* towards leg
  • include a digit on either side
  • marker on lateral side
  • 40” SID
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2
Q

AP oblique Great Toe

A
  • 18x24cm
  • rotate medially 45*
  • include distal half of metatarsals on either side
  • move other toes out of way
  • 40” SID
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3
Q

Lateral Great toe

A
  • 18x24cm
  • rotate medially
  • marker face down
  • move other toes out of way
  • hang other leg off table, and bring knee down to touch table
  • 40”SID
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4
Q

AP Axial Foot

A
  • 18x24cm or 24x30cm
  • Flex knee
  • angle 10* towards heel
  • use wedge filter
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5
Q

AP Oblique Foot

A
  • 18x24cm or24x30cm
  • flex knee
  • rotate medially 45*
  • use wedge filter
  • angle cassette to keep foot at 90* with leg
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6
Q

Lateral Foot

A
  • 18x24cm or 24x30cm
  • roll onto affected side
  • leg straight, don’t raise knee,
  • mediolateral
  • dorsiflex foot
  • marker up towards toe
  • 40” SID
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7
Q

Lateral Weight Bearing Foot

A
  • 24x30cm
  • use upright Bucky and footstool
  • help patient up and down
  • bring heel out
  • have light on step
  • markers RT, LT face down and arrow up
  • 40”SID to cassette
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8
Q

AP axial weight bearing Feet (bilateral)

A
  • 24x30cm or 35x43cm
  • patient standing on cassette
  • weight distributed
  • 15* towards
  • 40-48” SID
  • makers RT, LT and arrow up
  • use wedge filter
  • don’t have lead hanging down
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9
Q

Axial Calcaneus

A
  • 18x24cm
  • off center anatomy
  • extending leg, dorsiflex foot (use strap)
  • 40* cephalad
  • 40 SID
  • marker up
  • use wedge or boomerang filter
  • slight internal rotation(lateral side parallel)
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10
Q

Lateral Calcaneus

A
  • 18x24cm
  • dorsiflex foot
  • true lateral foot (mediolateral)
  • include medial malleolus
  • 40” SID
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11
Q

AP Ankle

A
  • 18x24cm
  • extend leg
  • dorsiflex foot
  • lateral malleolus is closer to IR
  • 40” SID
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12
Q

Lateral Ankle

A
  • 18x24cm
  • true lateral foot (mediolateral)
  • dorsiflex foot
  • 40” SID
  • show base of 5th
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13
Q

AP oblique Ankle-Mortise

A
  • 18x24cm
  • extend leg
  • dorsiflex foot
  • medially rotate until malleoli are parallel
  • 40” SID
  • include base of 5th
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14
Q

AP Tibia/Fibula

A
  • 35x43cm
  • extend leg
  • dorsiflex foot
  • must include both joints
  • 40-48” SID
  • don’t show whole patella
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15
Q

Lateral Tib/Fib

A
  • 35x43cm
  • turn onto affected side (mediolateral)
  • flex knee
  • dorsiflex foot
  • must show both joints
  • heel may be off IR
  • 40-48” SID
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16
Q

AP Knee

A
  • 18x24cm or 24x30cm
  • table bucky
  • extend leg
  • line up epicondyles
  • 40” SID
  • match angle of tibia and then subtract 5*
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17
Q

Lateral Knee

A
  • 18x24cm or 24x30cm
  • mediolateral (roll onto affected side)
  • table bucky
  • flex knee 20-30
  • put the other leg out in front
  • angle tube 5-7*
  • use wedge or boomerang filter
  • raise heel
  • check epicondyles
  • marker up
18
Q

AP oblique knee (external rotation)

A
  • 18x24cm or24x30cm
  • rotate entire leg externally 45*
  • match angle of tube with the angle of the tibia and subtract 5*
  • check epicondyles
  • marker up
19
Q

AP obilque knee (internal rotation)

A
  • 18x24cm or 24x30cm
  • rotate entire leg internal 45*
  • match angle of tube with the angle of the tibia subtract 5*
  • check epicondyles
  • marker up
20
Q

Trauma Lateral Knee

A
  • 18x24cm or24x30cm
  • use a gridded cassette
  • sponge under knee
  • check epicondyles
  • bring feet together
  • marker down, arrow up
  • horizontal beam
21
Q

AP weight-bearing Knee (bilateral)

A
  • 35x43cm
  • standing at wall bucky (AP)
  • angle 5* caudad or perpendicular for large patients
  • weight equally distributed, no shoes
  • check epicondyles
  • Lt, Rt, marker face up, and arrow up
22
Q

PA weight-bearing knee (tunnel view) -bilateral

A
  • 35x43cm
  • standing at wall bucky (PA)
  • flex knees 45*
  • toes lined up bucky
  • angle 10* caudad
  • watch gonadal shielding
  • Lt, Rt, marker face down and arrow up
23
Q

PA Axial tunnel view (holmblad)

A
  • 18x24cm
  • patient kneeling on table
  • bring unaffected knee forward, put sponge under
  • lean forward until femur is out of the way
  • tips of toes on table
  • marker face down
24
Q

PA Patella

A
  • 18x24cm
  • table bucky
  • must be prone
  • epicondyles parallel to IR
  • rotate anterior knee 5* internally for true PA
  • marker face down
25
Q

Lateral Patella

A
  • 18x24cm
  • table bucky
  • true lateral (mediolateral)
  • flex knee slightly 5-10*
  • collimate closely
26
Q

Supine Skyline Patella

A
  • 18x24cm
  • tabletop
  • bring patient to edge of table
  • flex knee 30*
  • angle 15* from tibia
  • 40-48” SID
  • use the wall to see the patella, so patient doesn’t have to stretch for a long time
  • place IR at mid thigh so the patella is in the middle of the cassette
  • tilt IR to be parallel with tube
  • marker up
27
Q

AP Pelvis

A
  • 35x43cm
  • no rotation of pelvis
  • 40” SID
  • must include symphysis
  • center 2” below ASIS
  • rotate legs internally but not if fractured or dislocated(move the heels apart and toes together)
  • suspended respiration
  • triangle shielding on follow up view
  • lead apron to cover chest
28
Q

AP Oblique Pelvis (Frog Legs) - bilateral

A
  • 35x43cm
  • supine, no rotation of pelvis
  • knees flexed, feet together, abduct thighs 45*
  • center 3”below ASIS
  • 40” SID
  • don’t need to show whole pelvis
  • gonadal shielding
  • suspended respiration
29
Q

Unilateral (frog leg)

A
  • 24x30cm
  • affected leg abducted 45*
  • foot against opposite knee
  • center 3-4” distal to ASIS
  • 40” SID
  • turn collimator
  • gonadal shielding
30
Q

AP unilateral hip

A
  • 24x30cm
  • center 2” medial and 4” distal to ASIS
  • 40” SID
  • use apron for shielding
  • rotate feet internally (heels out toes in)
  • marker up
31
Q

Lateral unilateral hip (Lauenstein)

A
  • 24x30cm
  • 40” SID
  • put patient on sheet
  • rotate onto affected side
  • put leg that’s on sponge straight and put the other foot under that knee
  • femur parallel to IR
  • use sheet to turn patient to get femur parallel with table
  • turn collimator head
  • centering between ASIS and symphysis
  • use apron for shielding
32
Q

Axiolateral inferosuperior hip

A
  • 24x30cm
  • gridded cassette
  • bring tube around
  • 40” SID
  • supine, leg extended
  • unaffected leg on stool, move knee out to the side
  • rotate affected foot internally (heel out toes in)
  • use wedge filter
  • make sure cassette isn’t tilted
  • marker up
33
Q

AP Femur

A

-35x43cm
-align femur with cassette
Distal:
-place IR 2” below knee
-make epicondyles parallel
-marker at top
Proximal:
-place IR top at ASIS
-internally rotate leg 15-20* (heel out toes in)
-marker at bottom

34
Q

Lateral Femur

A

-34x43cm
-turn onto affected side (mediolateral)
-flex knee about 45*
-marker up
Distal:
-IR 2” below knee
-other leg forward
Proximal:
-top of IR at ASIS
-other leg back

35
Q

AP Axial Pelvis (Outlet)

A
  • 24x30cm
  • supine
  • angle males:20-35* cephalad females 30-45* cephalad
  • center 2” below Greater troch or 6” below ASIS
  • marker taped on
36
Q

AP Axial Pelvis (Inlet)

A
  • 35x43cm
  • supine
  • angle 40* caudad
  • center at level of ASIS
  • tape marker on
37
Q

PA Oblique Sternum (RAO)

A
  • 24x30cm or 35x43cm
  • up right bucky
  • 40” SID
  • have patient AP and center in between jugular notch and xiphoid (get patient to show you) and then turn patient around
  • facing bucky
  • RAO 15-20* away from bucky (move sternum off spine)
  • shallow breathing
  • marker face down
38
Q

Lateral Sternum

A
  • 24x30cm or 35x43cm
  • left lateral
  • roll shoulders and arms back
  • SID 60-72”
  • center midway between jugular notch and xiphoid
  • angle collimator
  • suspend on 2nd deep inspiration
  • marker up
39
Q

Upper bilateral ribs AP/PA

ribs 1-10

A
  • 35x43cm
  • orientation depending on body habitus
  • 72”SID (40” SID if unilateral)
  • perpendicular ray
  • include C7
  • suspended 2nd inspiration
  • roll shoulders forward
  • don’t have hands in light

AP (posterior ribs)

  • standing with back against bucky
  • centering 3-4” below jugular notch (include C7)
  • marker up

PA (anterior ribs)

  • standing facing bucky
  • centering at apex of scapula
  • marker down
40
Q

Lower bilateral ribs AP

ribs 8-12

A
  • 35x43cm
  • crosswise
  • supine
  • perpendicular ray
  • centering between xiphoid and lower rib cage (include iliac crest)
  • 40”SID
  • suspended 2nd expiration
41
Q

Axillary lower unilateral ribs (AP oblique ribs)

A

-10x12cm
-lengthwise
-supine
-rotate patient towards affected side
-45* oblique
-arms out of way
-perpendicular ray
-centering between xiphoid and lower rib cage(include iliac crest)
-40” SID
-marker up
-suspended 2nd expiration
RPO demo Rt. side
LPO demo Lt. side

42
Q

Axillary upper unilateral ribs (AP oblique ribs)

A
  • 35x43cm
  • lengthwise
  • oblique patient 45* (injury side towards IR)
  • raise the arm off the ribs by getting an IV pole for them to hold
  • centering 3-4” below jugular notch
  • feel patients spine and make sure the light will go over their shoulder and include the spine
  • suspended 2nd inspiration
  • marker up

Rad Procedures x-ray views (4 decks)

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