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Rad Procedures x-ray views > lower extremities, sternum, and ribs > Flashcards

lower extremities, sternum, and ribs Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

AP Great Toe

A
  • 18x24cm
  • flex knee
  • CR angled 10* towards leg
  • include a digit on either side
  • marker on lateral side
  • 40” SID
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2
Q

AP oblique Great Toe

A
  • 18x24cm
  • rotate medially 45*
  • include distal half of metatarsals on either side
  • move other toes out of way
  • 40” SID
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3
Q

Lateral Great toe

A
  • 18x24cm
  • rotate medially
  • marker face down
  • move other toes out of way
  • hang other leg off table, and bring knee down to touch table
  • 40”SID
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4
Q

AP Axial Foot

A
  • 18x24cm or 24x30cm
  • Flex knee
  • angle 10* towards heel
  • use wedge filter
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5
Q

AP Oblique Foot

A
  • 18x24cm or24x30cm
  • flex knee
  • rotate medially 45*
  • use wedge filter
  • angle cassette to keep foot at 90* with leg
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6
Q

Lateral Foot

A
  • 18x24cm or 24x30cm
  • roll onto affected side
  • leg straight, don’t raise knee,
  • mediolateral
  • dorsiflex foot
  • marker up towards toe
  • 40” SID
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7
Q

Lateral Weight Bearing Foot

A
  • 24x30cm
  • use upright Bucky and footstool
  • help patient up and down
  • bring heel out
  • have light on step
  • markers RT, LT face down and arrow up
  • 40”SID to cassette
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8
Q

AP axial weight bearing Feet (bilateral)

A
  • 24x30cm or 35x43cm
  • patient standing on cassette
  • weight distributed
  • 15* towards
  • 40-48” SID
  • makers RT, LT and arrow up
  • use wedge filter
  • don’t have lead hanging down
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9
Q

Axial Calcaneus

A
  • 18x24cm
  • off center anatomy
  • extending leg, dorsiflex foot (use strap)
  • 40* cephalad
  • 40 SID
  • marker up
  • use wedge or boomerang filter
  • slight internal rotation(lateral side parallel)
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10
Q

Lateral Calcaneus

A
  • 18x24cm
  • dorsiflex foot
  • true lateral foot (mediolateral)
  • include medial malleolus
  • 40” SID
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11
Q

AP Ankle

A
  • 18x24cm
  • extend leg
  • dorsiflex foot
  • lateral malleolus is closer to IR
  • 40” SID
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12
Q

Lateral Ankle

A
  • 18x24cm
  • true lateral foot (mediolateral)
  • dorsiflex foot
  • 40” SID
  • show base of 5th
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13
Q

AP oblique Ankle-Mortise

A
  • 18x24cm
  • extend leg
  • dorsiflex foot
  • medially rotate until malleoli are parallel
  • 40” SID
  • include base of 5th
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14
Q

AP Tibia/Fibula

A
  • 35x43cm
  • extend leg
  • dorsiflex foot
  • must include both joints
  • 40-48” SID
  • don’t show whole patella
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15
Q

Lateral Tib/Fib

A
  • 35x43cm
  • turn onto affected side (mediolateral)
  • flex knee
  • dorsiflex foot
  • must show both joints
  • heel may be off IR
  • 40-48” SID
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16
Q

AP Knee

A
  • 18x24cm or 24x30cm
  • table bucky
  • extend leg
  • line up epicondyles
  • 40” SID
  • match angle of tibia and then subtract 5*
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17
Q

Lateral Knee

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A
  • 18x24cm or 24x30cm
  • mediolateral (roll onto affected side)
  • table bucky
  • flex knee 20-30
  • put the other leg out in front
  • angle tube 5-7*
  • use wedge or boomerang filter
  • raise heel
  • check epicondyles
  • marker up
18
Q

AP oblique knee (external rotation)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 18x24cm or24x30cm
  • rotate entire leg externally 45*
  • match angle of tube with the angle of the tibia and subtract 5*
  • check epicondyles
  • marker up
19
Q

AP obilque knee (internal rotation)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 18x24cm or 24x30cm
  • rotate entire leg internal 45*
  • match angle of tube with the angle of the tibia subtract 5*
  • check epicondyles
  • marker up
20
Q

Trauma Lateral Knee

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 18x24cm or24x30cm
  • use a gridded cassette
  • sponge under knee
  • check epicondyles
  • bring feet together
  • marker down, arrow up
  • horizontal beam
21
Q

AP weight-bearing Knee (bilateral)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 35x43cm
  • standing at wall bucky (AP)
  • angle 5* caudad or perpendicular for large patients
  • weight equally distributed, no shoes
  • check epicondyles
  • Lt, Rt, marker face up, and arrow up
22
Q

PA weight-bearing knee (tunnel view) -bilateral

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 35x43cm
  • standing at wall bucky (PA)
  • flex knees 45*
  • toes lined up bucky
  • angle 10* caudad
  • watch gonadal shielding
  • Lt, Rt, marker face down and arrow up
23
Q

PA Axial tunnel view (holmblad)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 18x24cm
  • patient kneeling on table
  • bring unaffected knee forward, put sponge under
  • lean forward until femur is out of the way
  • tips of toes on table
  • marker face down
24
Q

PA Patella

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 18x24cm
  • table bucky
  • must be prone
  • epicondyles parallel to IR
  • rotate anterior knee 5* internally for true PA
  • marker face down
25
Lateral Patella
- 18x24cm - table bucky - true lateral (mediolateral) - flex knee slightly 5-10* - collimate closely
26
Supine Skyline Patella
- 18x24cm - tabletop - bring patient to edge of table - flex knee 30* - angle 15* from tibia - 40-48" SID - use the wall to see the patella, so patient doesn't have to stretch for a long time - place IR at mid thigh so the patella is in the middle of the cassette - tilt IR to be parallel with tube - marker up
27
AP Pelvis
- 35x43cm - no rotation of pelvis - 40" SID - must include symphysis - center 2" below ASIS - rotate legs internally but not if fractured or dislocated(move the heels apart and toes together) - suspended respiration - triangle shielding on follow up view - lead apron to cover chest
28
AP Oblique Pelvis (Frog Legs) - bilateral
- 35x43cm - supine, no rotation of pelvis - knees flexed, feet together, abduct thighs 45* - center 3"below ASIS - 40" SID - don't need to show whole pelvis - gonadal shielding - suspended respiration
29
Unilateral (frog leg)
- 24x30cm - affected leg abducted 45* - foot against opposite knee - center 3-4" distal to ASIS - 40" SID - turn collimator - gonadal shielding
30
AP unilateral hip
- 24x30cm - center 2" medial and 4" distal to ASIS - 40" SID - use apron for shielding - rotate feet internally (heels out toes in) - marker up
31
Lateral unilateral hip (Lauenstein)
- 24x30cm - 40" SID - put patient on sheet - rotate onto affected side - put leg that's on sponge straight and put the other foot under that knee - femur parallel to IR - use sheet to turn patient to get femur parallel with table - turn collimator head - centering between ASIS and symphysis - use apron for shielding
32
Axiolateral inferosuperior hip
- 24x30cm - gridded cassette - bring tube around - 40" SID - supine, leg extended - unaffected leg on stool, move knee out to the side - rotate affected foot internally (heel out toes in) - use wedge filter - make sure cassette isn't tilted - marker up
33
AP Femur
-35x43cm -align femur with cassette Distal: -place IR 2" below knee -make epicondyles parallel -marker at top Proximal: -place IR top at ASIS -internally rotate leg 15-20* (heel out toes in) -marker at bottom
34
Lateral Femur
-34x43cm -turn onto affected side (mediolateral) -flex knee about 45* -marker up Distal: -IR 2" below knee -other leg forward Proximal: -top of IR at ASIS -other leg back
35
AP Axial Pelvis (Outlet)
- 24x30cm - supine - angle males:20-35* cephalad females 30-45* cephalad - center 2" below Greater troch or 6" below ASIS - marker taped on
36
AP Axial Pelvis (Inlet)
- 35x43cm - supine - angle 40* caudad - center at level of ASIS - tape marker on
37
PA Oblique Sternum (RAO)
- 24x30cm or 35x43cm - up right bucky - 40" SID - have patient AP and center in between jugular notch and xiphoid (get patient to show you) and then turn patient around - facing bucky - RAO 15-20* away from bucky (move sternum off spine) - shallow breathing - marker face down
38
Lateral Sternum
- 24x30cm or 35x43cm - left lateral - roll shoulders and arms back - SID 60-72" - center midway between jugular notch and xiphoid - angle collimator - suspend on 2nd deep inspiration - marker up
39
Upper bilateral ribs AP/PA | ribs 1-10
- 35x43cm - orientation depending on body habitus - 72"SID (40" SID if unilateral) - perpendicular ray - include C7 - suspended 2nd inspiration - roll shoulders forward - don't have hands in light AP (posterior ribs) - standing with back against bucky - centering 3-4" below jugular notch (include C7) - marker up PA (anterior ribs) - standing facing bucky - centering at apex of scapula - marker down
40
Lower bilateral ribs AP | ribs 8-12
- 35x43cm - crosswise - supine - perpendicular ray - centering between xiphoid and lower rib cage (include iliac crest) - 40"SID - suspended 2nd expiration
41
Axillary lower unilateral ribs (AP oblique ribs)
-10x12cm -lengthwise -supine -rotate patient towards affected side -45* oblique -arms out of way -perpendicular ray -centering between xiphoid and lower rib cage(include iliac crest) -40" SID -marker up -suspended 2nd expiration RPO demo Rt. side LPO demo Lt. side
42
Axillary upper unilateral ribs (AP oblique ribs)
- 35x43cm - lengthwise - oblique patient 45* (injury side towards IR) - raise the arm off the ribs by getting an IV pole for them to hold - centering 3-4" below jugular notch - feel patients spine and make sure the light will go over their shoulder and include the spine - suspended 2nd inspiration - marker up

Rad Procedures x-ray views (4 decks)

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