Lower Extremity Flashcards
(200 cards)
1
Q
Abductor digiti minimi ACTION
A
Flexes 5th toe
Assists with abduction
2
Q
Abductor digiti minimi INSERTION
A
Smooth groove on plantar surface of the base of 5th
metatarsal and is attached with the FDMB to the lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
3
Q
Abductor digiti minimi NERVE
A
Lateral Plantar n. (S1,S2,S3)
4
Q
Abductor digiti minimi ORIGIN
A
Both processes of the calcaneal tuberosity, from the plantar surface of the bone between them, from the plantar aponeurosis, and from the intermuscular septum between the ADM and FDB
5
Q
Abductor Hallucis ACTION
A
Abduction of MTP of great toe
Assists in flexion
Assists in adduction of the forefoot
6
Q
Abductor Hallucis INSERTION
A
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe. Some fibers are attached to medial sesmoid bone, and a tendinous slip may extend to the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
7
Q
Abductor Hallucis NERVE
A
Medial Plantar n. (S1,S2)
8
Q
Abductor Hallucis ORIGIN
A
Medial process of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis, and adjacent intermuscular septum
9
Q
Adductor brevis FUNCTION
A
Hip adduction and flexion
10
Q
Adductor brevis INSERTION
A
Distal 2/3 of pectineal line and proximal 1/2 of medial lip of linea aspera
11
Q
Adductor brevis NERVE
A
Obturator n. (L2, L3, L4)
12
Q
Adductor brevis ORIGIN
A
Outer surface of inferior ramus of pubis
13
Q
Adductor Hallucis ACTION
A
Adduction
Assists in flexion of MTP of great toe
14
Q
Adductor Hallucis INSERTION
A
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
15
Q
Adductor Hallucis NERVE
A
Lateral Plantar n. (S2,S3)
16
Q
Adductor Hallucis ORIGIN
A
OBLIQUE HD:
From bases of 2-4th metatarsal bones and sheath of fibularis longus tendon
TRANSVERSE HD:
From plantar MTP ligaments of 3-5th digits and deep transverse ligament
17
Q
Adductor Longus FUNCTION
A
Hip adduction and flexion
18
Q
Adductor Longus INSERTION
A
Middle 1/3 of medial lip of linea aspera
19
Q
Adductor Longus NERVE
A
Obturator n. (L2, L3, L4)
20
Q
Adductor Longus ORIGIN
A
Anterior surface of pubis at intersection of crest and symphysis
21
Q
Adductor magnus FUNCTION
A
Hip adduction, flexion, and extension
22
Q
Adductor magnus INSERTION
A
Medial to gluteal tuberosity, middle line of linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, and adductor tubercle of medial condyle of femur.
23
Q
Adductor magnus NERVE
A
Obturator n. (L2, L3, L4)
Tibial division of sciatic (L4,L5,S1)
24
Q
Adductor magnus ORIGIN
A
Inferior pubic ramus, ramus of ischium (anterior fibers), and ischial tuberosity (posterior)
25
Biceps Femoris (long head) FUNCTION
Knee flexion and lateral rotation
Hip extension
Assists in hip lateral rotation
26
Biceps Femoris (long head) INSERTION
Lateral side of head of fibular head, lateral condyle of tibia, deep fascia, lateral side of leg
27
Biceps Femoris (long head) NERVE
Tibial n. (L5,S1,S2,S3)
28
Biceps Femoris (long head) ORIGIN
Distal part of sacrotuberous ligament, posterior part of ischial tuberosity
29
Biceps Femoris (short head) FUNCTION
Knee flexion and lateral rotation
30
Biceps Femoris (short head) INSERTION
Lateral side of fibular head, lateral tibial condyle, deep fascia lateral side of leg
31
Biceps Femoris (short head) NERVE
Common fibular n. (L5,S1,S2)
32
Biceps Femoris (short head) ORIGIN
Lateral lip of linea aspera, proximal 2/3 of supracondylar line, and lateral inter muscular septum
33
Extensor Digitorum Longus ACTION
Extend MTP joints
Assists in extension of IP 2-5
DF and EV
34
Extensor Digitorum Longus INSERTION
By 4 tendons to the 2-5th digits, each tendon forms an expansion on the dorsal surface of the toe, and divides
into an intermediate slip attached to base of middle phalanx and into 2 lateral slips
35
Extensor Digitorum Longus NERVE
Deep Fibular n. (L4, L5, S1)
36
Extensor Digitorum Longus ORIGIN
Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal ¾ of anterior surface of body of fibula, proximal part of interosseous membrane, adjacent intermuscular septa, and deep fascia
37
Extensor Hallucis Brevis ACTION
Great toe MTP Extension
38
Extensor Hallucis Brevis INSERTION
Dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
39
Extensor Hallucis Brevis NERVE
Deep Fibular n. (L4,L5,S1)
40
Extensor Hallucis Brevis ORIGIN
Distal part of superior and lateral surfaces of calcaneus, lateral talocalcaneal ligament, and apex of inferior extensor retinaculum
41
Extensor Hallucis Longus ACTION
Great toe IP and MTP extension
| Assist in inversion of foot and dorsiflexion of ankle
42
Extensor Hallucis Longus INSERTION
Base of dorsal distal phalanx of great toe
43
Extensor Hallucis Longus NERVE
Deep Fibular n. (L4,L5, S1)
44
Extensor Hallucis Longus ORIGIN
Middle 2 quarters of anterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane
45
Fibularis Brevis ACTION
Eversion
| Assists in plantar flexion
46
Fibularis Brevis INSERTION
Tuberosity at base of 5th metatarsal bone, lateral side
47
Fibularis Brevis NERVE
Superficial Fibular n. (L4,L5,S1)
48
Fibularis Brevis ORIGIN
Distal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula and adjacent intermuscular septa
49
Fibularis Longus ACTION
Eversion
| Assists in plantar flexion and depresses first metatarsal head
50
Fibularis Longus INSERTION
Lateral side of base of 1st metatarsal and of medial cuneiform bone
51
Fibularis Longus NERVE
Superficial Fibular n. (L4,L5,S1)
52
Fibularis Longus ORIGIN
Lateral tibial condyle, head and proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula, intermuscular septa, and adjacent deep fascia
53
Fibularis Tertius ACTION
Ankle DF
| Foot Eversion
54
Fibularis Tertius INSERTION
Dorsal surface, base of 5th metatarsal
55
Fibularis Tertius NERVE
Deep Fibular n. (L4-L5-S1)
56
Fibularis Tertius ORIGIN
Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane and adjacent intermuscular septa
57
Flexor digiti minimi brevis ACTION
MTP flexion of 5th digit
58
Flexor digiti minimi brevis INSERTION
Distal tendon that inserts into the lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the minimus (5th digit).
59
Flexor digiti minimi brevis NERVE
Lateral Plantar n. (S2, S3)
60
Flexor digiti minimi brevis ORIGIN
Medial part of the plantar surface of the base of the 5th metatarsal bone and from the sheath of the fibularis longus
61
Flexor digitorum longus FUNCTION
Flexion of PIP, DIP and MTP of digits 2.5
| Assists in ankle plantar flexion and foot inversion
62
Flexor digitorum longus INSERTION
Bases of distal phalanges of 2nd through 5th digits
63
Flexor digitorum longus NERVE
Tibial n. (L5,S1,S2)
64
Flexor digitorum longus ORIGIN
Middle 3/5 of posterior surface of body of tibia and from fascia covering the posterior tibialis
65
Flexor digitorum
| brevis ACTION
PIP Flexion
| Assists in flexion of 2-5th MTP
66
Flexor digitorum
| brevis INSERTION
Middle phalanx of 2-5th digits
67
Flexor digitorum
| brevis NERVE
Medial Plantar n. (S1,S2)
68
Flexor digitorum
| brevis ORIGIN
Medial process of tuberosity of calcaneus, central part of plantar aponeurosis and adjacent intermuscualr septa
69
Flexor hallucis brevis ACTION
Flexion of MTP of great toe
70
Flexor hallucis brevis INSERTION
Medial and lateral sides of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
71
Flexor hallucis brevis NERVE
Medial Plantar n. (S1,S2)
72
Flexor hallucis brevis ORIGIN
Medial part of plantar surface of cuboid bone, adjacent part of lateral cuneiform bone, and from prolongation of tendon of posterior tibialis
73
Flexor hallucis longus FUNCTION
Great toe IP flexion
Assists in metatarsophalangeal flexion
Ankle plantar flexion
Foot inversion
74
Flexor hallucis longus INSERTION
Base of distal phalanx of great toe and plantar surface
75
Flexor hallucis longus NERVE
Tibial n. (L5,S1,S2)
76
Flexor hallucis longus ORIGIN
Posterior surfac of distal 2/3 of fibula, interosseous membrane, and adjacent intermuscular septa and fascia
77
Gastrocnemius (lateral head) FUNCTION
Talocrural plantar flexion
| Assists in knee flexion
78
Gastrocnemius (lateral head) INSERTION
Middle part of posterior surface of calcaneus
79
Gastrocnemius (lateral head) NERVE
Tibial n. (S1, S2)
80
Gastrocnemius (lateral head) ORIGIN
Lateral condyle and posterior surface of femur, capsule of knee
81
Gastrocnemius (medial head) FUNCTION
Talocrural plantar flexion
Assits in knee flexion
Subtalar joint inversion (supination)
82
Gastrocnemius (medial head) INSERTION
Middle part of posterior surface of calcaneus
83
Gastrocnemius (medial head) NERVE
Tibial n. (S1,S2)
84
Gastrocnemius (medial head) ORIGIN
Proximal and posterior part of medial condyle and adjacent part of femur, capsule of knee joint
85
Gluteus maximus FUNCTION
Hip extension and lateral rotation
Lower fibers: assists in hip adduction
Upper fibers: assists in abduction, stabilize knee in extension through iliotibial band insertion
86
Gluteus maximus INSERTION
Larger proximal part and superficial fibers of distal portion of muscle into iliotibial tract of fascia lata
Deep fibers of distal part into gluteal tuberosity of femur
87
Gluteus maximus NERVE
Inferior gluteal n. (L5, S1, S2)
88
Gluteus maximus ORIGIN
Posterior gluteal line of ilium and portion of bone superior and posterior to it, posterior surface of lower part of sacrum, side of coccyx, aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacrotuberous ligament, and gluteal aponeurosis
89
Gluteus medius FUNCTION
Abduct hip
Anterior fibers: hip medial rotation and assist with hip flexion
Posterior fibers: hip lateral rotation and assist with hip extension
90
Gluteus medius INSERTION
Oblique ridge of lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
91
Gluteus medius NERVE
Superior gluteal n. (L4,L5, S1)
92
Gluteus medius ORIGIN
External surface of ilium between iliac crest and posterior gluteal line dorsally and anterior gluteal line ventrally, and gluteal tuberosity
93
Gluteus minimus FUNCTION
Hip Abduction and MR
| Assist with with hip flexion
94
Gluteus minimus INSERTION
Anterior border of greater trochanter
| Hip joint capsule
95
Gluteus minimus NERVE
Superior gluteal n. (L4,L5, S1)
96
Gluteus minimus ORIGIN
External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines, and margin of greater sciatic notch
97
Gracilis FUNCTION
Adduct hip
| Assists in knee medial rotation and flexion
98
Gracilis INSERTION
Medial surface of body of tibia, distal to condyle, proximal to insertion of semitendinosus, and posterior to insertion of sartorius
99
Gracilis NERVE
Obturator n. (L2,L3,L4)
100
Gracilis ORIGIN
Inferior 1/2 of pubic symphysis and medial margin of inferior ramus of pubis
101
Iliopsoas (Iliacus) FUNCTION
Flexes hip
Assists in hip lateral rotation and abduction
With insertion fixed:
- Billaterally: flexes trunk on femurs, increases lumbar lordosis
- Unilaterally: Assists in lateral flexion of trunk to same side
If trunk is stable, contribute to anterior shear of lumbar spine.
102
Iliopsoas (Iliacus) INSERTION
Lesser trochanter of femur
103
Iliopsoas (Iliacus) NERVE
Femoral n. (L1,L2,L3,L4)
104
Iliopsoas (Iliacus)ORIGIN
Superior 2/3 iliac fossa, internal lip of iliac crest, iliolumbar and ventral SI ligaments and sacral ala
105
Iliopsoas (Psoas Major) FUNCTION
Flexes hip
Assists in hip lateral rotation and abduction
With insertion fixed:
- Billaterally: flexes trunk on femurs, increases lumbar lordosis
- Unilaterally: Assists in lateral flexion of trunk to same side
If trunk is stable, contribute to anterior shear of lumbar spine.
106
Iliopsoas (Psoas Major) INSERTION
Lesser trochanter of femur
107
Iliopsoas (Psoas Major) NERVE
Anterior rami of Lumbar spinal n. (L1,L2,L3,L4)
108
Iliopsoas (Psoas Major) ORIGIN
Ventral surface of transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae, sides of bodies and corresponding intervertebral discs of last thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae and membranous arches that extend over sides of lumbar vertebrae.
109
Inferior Gemelli FUNCTION
Laterally rotate extended hip
Abduct flexed hip
Stabilize femoral head in acetabulum
110
Inferior Gemelli INSERTION
With the tendon of Obturator Internus into medial surface of greater trochanter
111
Inferior Gemelli NERVE
N. to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
112
Inferior Gemelli ORIGIN
Proximal part of tuberosity of ischium
113
Interossei ACTION
PLANTAR (3):
ADD 3-5th digits toward axial line through the 2nd digit.
Assists in MTP flexion
Assist in extension of IP3-5th
DORSAL (4)
Abduct 2-4th digits from axial line through the 2nd digits.
Assists in MTP flexion and extension of 2-4th IP
114
Interossei INSERTION
PLANTAR (3)L:
Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of same digit
DORSAL (4):
Side of proximal phalanx and capsule of 1st MTP joint to
medial side of 2nd digit, other 3 to lateral sides of 2-4th digits
115
Interossei NERVE
Lateral Plantar n. (S2,S3)
116
Interossei ORIGIN
PLANTAR (3):
Bases and medial sides of bodies of 3-5th metatarsal bones
DORSAL (4):
Each by 2 heads from adjacent sides of the metatarsal bones
117
Lumbricals ACTION
MTP flexion
| Assists in IP 2-5th extension
118
Lumbricals INSERTION
Medial side of proximal phalanx and dorsal expansion of EDL tendon of 2nd – 5th digits
119
Lumbricals NERVE
1 - Medial Plantar n. (S1,S2)
| 2-4: Medial Plantar n. (S2,S3)
120
Lumbricals ORIGIN
1st from medial side of 1st FDL tendon, 2nd from adjacent sides of 1st and 2nd FDL tendons, 3rd from adjacent sides of 2nd and 3rd FDL tendons, 4th from adjacent sides of 3rd and 4th FDL tendons
121
Obturator Externus FUNCTION
Laterally rotation of thigh and assists hip adduction
122
Obturator Externus INSERTION
Trochanteric fossa of femur
123
Obturator Externus NERVE
Obturator n. (L3, L4)
124
Obturator Externus ORIGIN
Rami of pubis and ischium and external surface of obturator membrane
125
Obturator Internus FUNCTION
Laterally rotate extended hip
Abducts flexed hip
Assists hip extension
Stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum
126
Obturator Internus INSERTION
Medial surface of greater trochanter
127
Obturator Internus NERVE
N. to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)
128
Obturator Internus ORIGIN
Internal/pelvic surface of obturator membrane and margin of obturator foramen, pelvic surface of ischium, posterior and proximal to obturator foramen, and to slight extent from the obturator fascia
129
Pectineus FUNCTION
Hip adduction and flexion
130
Pectineus INSERTION
Pectineal line of femur
131
Pectineus NERVE
Femoral n., accessory obturator (L2, L3,L4)
132
Pectineus ORIGIN
Surface of superior ramus of pubis ventral to pectin between iliopectineal eminence and pubic tubercle
133
Piriformis FUNCTION
Laterally rotate extended hip
Abducts flexed hip
Assists hip extension
Stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum
134
Piriformis INSERTION
Superior border of greater trochanter
135
Piriformis NERVE
N. to Piriformis (L5,S1,S2)
136
Piriformis ORIGIN
Surface of sacrum between 1,2,3 and 4 pelvic sacrum foramina, margin of greater sciatic foramen, and pelvic surface of sacrotuberous ligament
137
Plantaris FUNCTION
Plantar flexion
| Assists in knee flexion
138
Plantaris INSERTION
Posterior part of calcaneus
139
Plantaris NERVE
Tibial n. (L4,L5,S1,S2)
140
Plantaris ORIGIN
Distal part of lateral supracondylar line of femur and adjacent part of its popliteal surface, oblique popliteal ligament of knee joint
141
Popliteus ACTION
NWB:
MR of tibia on the femur
Knee flexion
WB:
LR of femur on tibia
Knee flexion
Helps reinforce posterior ligament of knee joint
142
Popliteus INSERTION
Triangular area proximal to soleal line on posterior surface of tibia, and fascia covering the muscle
143
Popliteus NERVE
Tibial n. (L4, L5, S1)
144
Popliteus ORIGIN
Anterior part of groove on lateral condyle of femur, and oblique popliteal ligament of knee joint
145
Quadratus femoris FUNCTION
Laterally rotate extended hip
Abducts flexed hip
Assists hip extension
Stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum
146
Quadratus femoris INSERTION
Proximal part of quadrate line extending distally from intertrochanteric crest
147
Quadratus femoris NERVE
N. to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
148
Quadratus femoris ORIGIN
Proximal part of lateral border of tuberosity of ischium
149
Quadratus plantae ACTION
Modifies line of pull of the flexor digitorum longus tendons, and assists in flexion of 2-5th digits
150
Quadratus plantae INSERTION
Lateral margin and dorsal and plantar surfaces of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
151
Quadratus plantae NERVE
Lateral Plantar n. (S1,S2,S3)
152
Quadratus plantae ORIGIN
MEDIAL HEAD
Medial surface of calcaneus, and medial border of long plantar ligament
LATERAL HEAD
Lateral border of plantar surface of calcaneus, and lateral border of long plantar ligament
153
Rectus femoris FUNCTION
Extends knee
| Assists iliopsoas to flex thigh
154
Rectus femoris INSERTION
Proximal border of patella and through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
155
Rectus femoris NERVE
Femoral n. (L2, L3, L4)
156
Rectus femoris ORIGIN
Straight Head: AIIS and superior rim of acetabulum
| Reflected Heah: From groove above rim of acetabulum
157
Sartorius FUNCTION
Flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of thigh
158
Sartorius INSERTION
Proximal part of medial surface of tibia near anterior border
159
Sartorius NERVE
Femoral n. (L2,3,4)
160
Sartorius ORIGIN
ASIS and superior 1/2 of notch just distal to spine
161
Semimembranosus FUNCTION
Knee flexion and medial rotation
Hip extension
Assists in hip medial rotation
162
Semimembranosus INSERTION
Posteromedial aspect of medial condyle of tibia
163
Semimembranosus NERVE
Tibial n. (L4,L5,S1,S2)
164
Semimembranosus ORIGIN
Ischial tuberosity, proximal and lateral to biceps femoris and semitendinosis
165
Semitendinosus FUNCTION
Knee flexion and medial rotation
Hip extension
Assists in hip medial rotation
166
Semitendinosus INSERTION
Proximal part of medial surface of body of tibia, deep fascia of leg
167
Semitendinosus NERVE
Tibial n. (L4,L5,S1,S2)
168
Semitendinosus ORIGIN
Ischial tuberosity by tendon common with long head of biceps femoris
169
Soleus FUNCTION
Talocrural plantar flexion
| Subtalar joint inversion (supination)
170
Soleus INSERTION
Posterior part of calcaneus
171
Soleus NERVE
Tibial n. (S1, S2)
172
Soleus ORIGIN
Posterior surfaces of head of fibula and proximal 1/3 of its body, soleal line, and middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia, tendinous arch between tibia and fibula
173
Superior Gemelli FUNCTION
Laterally rotate extended hip
Abduct flexed hip
Stabilize femoral head in acetabulum
174
Superior Gemelli INSERTION
With tendon of Obturator Internus into medial surface of greater trochanter
175
Superior Gemelli NERVE
N. to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)
176
Superior Gemelli ORIGIN
External surface of ischial spine
177
Tensor fasciae latae FUNCTION
Abduction, medial rotation and flexion of thigh. Assists in keeping knee extended
178
Tensor fasciae latae INSERTION
Into iliotibial tract of fascia lata at junction of proximal and middle thirds of thigh.
179
Tensor fasciae latae NERVE
Superior gluteal n. (L4, L5, S1)
180
Tensor fasciae latae ORIGIN
Anterior part of the external lip of iliac crest, outer surface of ASIS, and deep surface of fascia lata.
181
Tibialis Anterior ACTION
Ankle dorsiflexion
| Assists in foot inversion
182
Tibialis Anterior INSERTION
Medial and plantar surface of medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal bone
183
Tibialis Anterior NERVE
Deep Fibular n. (L4,L5,S1)
184
Tibialis Anterior ORIGIN
Lateral condyle and proximal 1/2 of lateral surface of tibia, lateral talocalcaneal ligament, and apex of inferior extensor retinaculum
185
Tibialis Posterior ACTION
Inversion
| Assists in ankle plantar flexion
186
Tibialis Posterior INSERTION
Tuberosity of navicular bone and by fibrous expansions to the sustentaculum talk, all cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd,3rd and 4th metatarsal bones
187
Tibialis Posterior NERVE
Tibial n. (L4, L5, S1)
188
Tibialis Posterior ORIGIN
Most of interosseous membrane, lateral portion of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface of fibula, adjacent inter-muscular septa, and deep fascia
189
Vastus intermedius FUNCTION
Extend knee
190
Vastus intermedius INSERTION
Proximal border of patella and through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity.
191
Vastus intermedius NERVE
Femoral n. (L2, L3, L4)
192
Vastus intermedius ORIGIN
Anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal 2/3 of body of femur, distal 1/2 of linea aspera, and lateral intermuscular septum.
193
Vastus lateralis FUNCTION
Extend knee
194
Vastus lateralis INSERTION
Proximal border of patella and through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity.
195
Vastus lateralis NERVE
Femoral n. (L2, L3, L4)
196
Vastus lateralis ORIGIN
Proximal part of intertrochanteric line, anterior and inferior borders of greater trochanter, lateral lip of gluteal tuberosity, proximal 1/2 of lateral lip of linea aspera, and lateral inter muscular septum.
197
Vastus medialis FUNCTION
Extend knee
198
Vastus medialis INSERTION
Proximal border of patella and through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity.
199
Vastus medialis NERVE
Femoral n. (L2, L3, L4)
200
Vastus medialis ORIGIN
Distal 1/2 of intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera, proximal part of medial suprocondylar line, tendons of adductor longus and adductor magnus, and medial inter muscular septum.
