Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

3 key components of the musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

1. Bone
2. Cartilage
3. Muscle

Question 2

Function of osteblasts.

Answer 2

Deposit bone

Question 3

Function of osteoclasts

Answer 3

Remove bone

Question 4

Primary cell of bone.

Answer 4

Osteocytes

Question 5

Functions of bone.

Answer 5

1. Structural framework for movement, protection, and support
2. Production of blood (RBCs)
3. Serves as a reserve for minerals (phosphorus and calcium)

Question 6

Two types of bone.

Answer 6

1. Trabecular/cancellous
2. Compact/cortical

Question 7

In what parts of bones in adults can compact bone be found?`

Answer 7

Shaft (diaphysis)

Ends (thin layer)

Question 8

Consists of closely packed osteons, harvesian canals, lamellae, and volkman’s canals.

Answer 8

Compact bone

Question 9

Consists of trabeculae and bars of adjacent to small irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow.

Answer 9

Trabecular/cancellous bone

Question 10

True or False

Trabecular bone is very good in taking load in one direction

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False

Cancellous bone can take load/stress from multiple directions.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

This type of bone is generally subject to compressiong, have a thin cortex of compact bone supported by an interior that is wholly trabecular.

Answer 12

Short bone

Question 13

Example of a short bone.

Answer 13

Cuboid

Scaphoid

Cuneiform

Question 14

This type of bone is typical of limbs with length reflecting both speed adn power in movement

Answer 14

Long bone

Question 15

This type of bone consists of trabecular bone of varying thickness enclosed between laminae of tables.

Answer 15

Flat bone

Question 16

Vertebrae and ilium is this type of bone.

Answer 16

Irregular

Question 17

This type of bone has ovoid nodules that may not be fully ossified and may be dense fibrous tissude.

Answer 17

Sesamoid bone

Question 18

Example of flat bone.

Answer 18

Skull bones (parietal, frontal, occiput, etc)

Scapula

Question 19

Example of irregular bone.

Answer 19

Ischium

Vertabrae

Question 20

Example of long bone.

Answer 20

Humerus

Metacarpals

Femur

Tibia

Question 21

_____ has a high resistance to tension, compression, and shearing.

1. Bone
2. Cartilage
3. Muscle

Answer 21

Cartilage

Question 22

3 types of cartilage.

Answer 22

1. Hyaline
2. Yellow elastic cartilage/fibrocartilaged
3. Fibrocartilage

Question 23

Functions of articular cartilage.

Answer 23

1. Decreases friction betwen surfaces of a joint
2. Increases the contact area of joints
3. Decreases pressure and energy during loading of joints
4. Tends to be loaded in compression

Question 24

Functions of muscle.

Answer 24

1. Skeletal movement
2. Maintain posture and body position
3. Support soft tissues
4. Guard entrances and exits
5. maintain body temperatue

Question 25

11 key concepts of muscle.

Answer 25

1. We have no extra muscles 2. A muscle can act on eigther end that is free to move. 3. All movements involved three types of contractions 4. Pennation allows for large force production. 5. Range of motion is dictated by length of its fibers 1. Longer muscle fibers = greater excursion (fusiform vs bipennate) 6. Anatomical cross section is not the same as physiological cross section 7. Strength to muscle is dictated by number of fibers 8. Joints have muscles around them that provide stability (shunt) and movement (spurt) 9. Muscles cross joints at an angle and will consequently have secondary actions. 10. At each joint, there is one muscle that performs the desired action best. 11. Some muscles can perform more than one action.

Question 26

A cross-section at the fattest point of a muscle is

Answer 26

Anatomical cross-sectional area