Lower GI Flashcards
(27 cards)
Diarrhea involves __+ stools/day
most common cause?
Other causes?
3+
Infection
Laxatives, food intolerance, malabsorption
Which acid-base imbalance is a risk with diarrhea?
Metabolic acidosis
-stool contains HCO3
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
-What kind of disorder?
-Symptoms?
-Patho?
-Diagnosis?
Functional disorder
Chronic, recurrent pain, BM changes, constipation/diarrhea
Abnormal contractions in colon cause disordered bowel movements
Diagnosis of exclusion- rule out others first
Explain celiac disease
Autoimmune and malabsorption disorder- response to gliadin (protein in gluten)
Damages small intestine mucosa, leading to decreased absorption
How is celiac disease diagnosed?
IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody
Confirmed w/ EGD biopsy
What is the most common emergent abdominal surgery?
Common in ages…
Appendicitis
10-30
APPENDICITIS
-inflammation leads to….
Distention
Mucus/bacteria accumulation
Gangrene
Perforation-peritonitis
Where is appendicitis pain usually?
RLQ
rebound tenderness
guarding
What is the position of comfort for appendicitis?
What is the psoas sign?
Supine w/ right leg flexed
Pain w/ extension of right leg
What CBC finding indicates appendicitis?
elevated WBC
What is likely the cause of someone w/ appendicitis suddenly feeling no pain?
RUPTURE
-pressure released decreasing pain
-Very bad
What is a diverticula?
Outpouching of colon mucosa
What is diverticulosis?
Diverticula that are not inflamed
-asymptomatic
-likely from chronic constipation/low fiber
What is diverticulitis?
Where does pain usually manifest?
Inflamed and possibly infected diverticula
LLQ pain
Explain peritonitis
Medical Emergency
-from abdominal organ perforation into peritoneal cavity
Blood transmission
Perforated ulcer, appendix, colon
Trauma: gunshot, knife
What is the most common cause of SBO or LBO?
Adhesions
-surgery causes scar tissue, possibly leading to adhesions in abdomen
What is a nonmechanical obstruction?
Reduced or absent peristalsis
-ileus
-Due to altered neuromuscular PNS intervention
-surgery, peritonitis, inflammatory disorders, lyte imblanaces, spine injuries
When is a nonmechnical obstruction an emergency?
Absent bowel sounds
What kind of electrolyte imbalances cause nonmechnical obstructions?
Low K+
Low Mg
Explain IBD
-what type of disorder?
-begins in…
-how many layers affected?
-two types?
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
-autoimmune disorder
-chronic inflammation of GI tract
-teens-early adulthood-60s
-one or more layers
-Chron’s and Ulcerative Colitis
What kind of lesions are present in chron’s?
Skip lesions: hop around Small/Large intestines
Transmural: can affect any layer
Cobblestone apperance
What kind of lesion is seen with UC?
One continuous ulcer starting at the rectum and spreading upward
Only affects colon
Red appearance
Where is Chron’s disease pain often manifested?
RLQ- worse after meals
Where is UC pain often manifested?
LLQ: end of bowel
