Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Patho/Pharm 1 Final Exam > PHARM > Flashcards

PHARM Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Morphine

A

natural opioid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fentanyl

A

0.1 mg= 10 mg morphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Oxycodone

A

weak opioid, combo w/ tylenol
IR/SR forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Analgesic, Antipyretic, not antiinflam.

MOA: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Opioid combo: max 2000 mg/24 hr for older/liver failure

AE: hepatoxic, skin, allergic
Contra: Liver dysfunction, alcohol

OD: liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tramadol

A

Centrally acting analgesic
Not controlled
Dual MOA: weak mu receptor bond
inhibits NE/E re-uptake

Caution w/ psych meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dantrolene

A

Muscle relaxor-skel. muscles
-reverses malignant hyperthermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dexmedetomidine

A

Alpha-2 agonist
-Sedative Adjuct
Analgesia w/out resp. depression

Procedural sedation, short surgeries, mech. vent. sedation

Short HL: patient wakes fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ketamine

A

General anesthesia, moderate sedation

IM, IV, SQ

RAPID onset

Lower respiratory impact, lower AE

Hallucination risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Propofol

A

General anesthesia, mod. sedation, mech. vent. sedation

RN prohibited in some states

Lipid-based: white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Depolarizing NMBD- ACh inhibition

Causes malignant hyperthermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rocuronium

A

NMBD
more rapid onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prednisone

A

Most common PO steroid
For exacerbations of chronic illnesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aspirin

A

Salicylate NSAID
MOA: inhibits COX1 receptors in platelets
No BBW for cardio risks
Reye’s Syndrome: happens in children if they get salicylate and have a viral illness

inhibits platelet aggregation-blood thinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ketorolac

A

Acetic Acid NSAID
Powerful analgesic
5-day max-nephrotoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Celecoxib

A

COX-2 inhibiting NSAID
-Lower GI bleed risk

CONTRA: sulfa allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Propionic Acid NSAID
most commonly taken NSAID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Allopurinol

A

Given for prevention/maintenance of Gout

-Given after a flare-up is resolved
-Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
-reduces uric acid production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sulfonamides

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Penicillins

A

ABX
Generally safe, well tolerated
Most common AE: allergic rxn
Drug Interaction: warfarin, NSAIDS, methotrexate
CONTRA: severe cross-rxn w/ cephalosporins

MOA: beta-lactam-cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cephalosporins

A

ABX
-3rd gen- G-, some G+
IM, IV
Long half-life, crosses BBB-CNS
MOA: beta-lactam-Cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carbapenems

A

ABX
-broadest spectrum
-Crosses BBB-CNS
-IV only-60min
AE: seizures, thrombocytopenia
MOA: beta-lactam-cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Macrolides

A

ABX
MOA: protein synthesis
Z-packs
AE: GI, cardiac, long QT segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tetracyclines

A

ABX
MOA: protein synthesis
-Absorption is lowered by antacids, iron salts, dairy
CONTRA: under 8, pregnant

AE: fetal skel. retardation, tooth discoloration, superinfections, maculopapular rash, photosensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

ABX
MOA: protein synthesis
Trough: 0.3-2.0
AE: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, rash, parasthesia, HA, dizzy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Quinolones
ABX MOA: DNA synthesis BBW: tendon rupture, tendonitis AE: QT segment elongation CONTRA: dairy, antacids, NG feeds
26
Metronidazole
ABX, Anti-protozoal Anaerobic: abdominal/gynec. infections AE: Disulfuram-like rxn w/ alcohol
27
Vancomycin
ABX Choice for MRSA G+ coverage P.O. form for c.diff AE: nephrotoxic, ototoxic Red-Man Syndrome: slow admin, give antihistamine Trough: 10-20
28
Amphotericin B
For severe systemic fungal infections AE: dysrhythmias, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, flu-like symptoms, Low BP, anemia, pulmonary infiltrates PADS Infuse slowly-2-6 hours
29
Fluconazole
For systemic fungal infections- first choice AE: NVD, abdominal pain, elevated liver enzymes Caution w/ renal/hepatic dysfunction
30
Nystatin
Topical Antifungal -abdominal fold yeast infections -Oral- troche or S/S AE: NVD, anorexia, rash
31
Hydroxycholoroquine
Antimalarial drug -also for Lupus -antiinflammatory, helps flares
32
Silver sulfadiazine
Topical Antibacterial -prevents or treats infection at sites of 2nd or 3rd degree burns -AE: burning, pain, itching
33
Isotretinoin
For severe, cystic, resistant acne Pregnancy Category X- 2 forms of BC during and 1 month after use Assess for depression MOA: inhibits sebaceous glands -antikeratinizing, antiinflammatory
34
Miconazole
???
35
Sodium polystyrene sulfate
Enema for hyperkalemia Temporary fix-pre-dialysis Causes extreme diarrhea CONTRA: ileus, impaired bowel function
36
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
PCT Diuretics Raise H, BG AE: metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia CONTRA: Renal/hepatic/adrenal impairment
37
Loop diuretics
Ascending Limb Diuretics #1 most potent diuretics Lower Calcium BBW: fluid/electrolyte loss CONTRA: antidiabetic meds, anuria Work even w/ impaired renal function
38
Osmotic diuretics
PCT diuretics IV infusion w/ filter May crystallize at low temps
39
K+-Sparing Diuretics
Raise K+ DCT AE: hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, post-menopausal bleeding, dizzy, N/V/D, amenorrhea CONTRA: hyperkalemia
40
Thiazide diuretics
DCT diuretics #2 most potent diuretic class Raise calcium- can be given for hypercalciuria CONTRA: severe renal failure, anemia
41
Vincristine
Antineoplastic drug -mitotic inhibitor -cell-cycle specific -Retards cell division -derived from plants AE: peripheral neuropathy
42
Doxorubicin
Antineoplastic drug -cytotoxic ABX -non-cell-cycle specific -Interferes w/ DNA synthesis AE: left ventricular failure
43
Bleomycin
Antineoplastic drug -Cytotoxic ABX -non-cell-cycle specific -Interferes w/ DNA synthesis AE: pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis
44
Magnesium Salts
Antacid AE: diarrhea Contra: renal failure
45
Calcium Salts
Antacid AE: constipation, kidney stones CONTRA: renal failure, lyte imbalances, impaired GI motility
46
Aluminum Salts
Antacid AE: constipation Safe to take w/ renal failure
47
Famotidine
H2 Agonist: antacid Reduces H+ from parietal stomach cells For: GERD< erosive esophagitis, PUD Generally well tolerated w/ few AE
48
Pantoprazole
PPI- antacid #1 most potent antacid Causes achlorhydia: 90%+ all acid stopped for over 24 hours For: GERD, Erosive esophagitis, PUD, H. pylori, NSAID ulcers AE: C.diff, osteoporosis, pneumonia, hypomagnesemia, dementia, lupus
49
Sucralfate
Antacid -mucosal protectant for stomach Take 1 hour before eating
50
Misoprostol
Decreases NSAID-associated GI ulcer risk
51
Simethicone
Decreases gas Often given alongside antacids
52
Bismuth Subsalicylate
Antidiarrheal- Adsorbent -mild Diarrhea -Coats GI walls AE: increased bleeding time, constipation, dark stools, tinnitus, confusion Do not give to children-Reye's Syndrome
53
Atropine
Antidiarrhea-Anticholinergic Decreases GI tone and peristalsis Drying effect AE: urinary retention, impotence, dizzy, confusion, Low BP, low HR
54
Loperamide
Antidiarrheal-opiate Slows GI motility and helps spasm pains Increases time for H2O and lyte reabsorption CONTRA: other CNS depressants, bloody diarrhea
55
Lactobacillus
Antidiarrheal-probiotic For Antibiotic-induced diarrhea Supplies GI w/ missing bacteria and decreases the growth of diarrhea-causing bacteria
56
Bulk-forming meds
Laxatives Increases fiber in stool- increases bulk-stimulates peristalsis reflex Give w/ 8oz+ of water AE: esophageal blockage, impaction, fluid overload, lyte imbalances
57
Emollients
Laxatives/stool softeners Increase fat and water content in feces, lubricating GI walls and feces AE: skin rash, vitamin malabsorption, lyte imbalances
58
Hyperosmotics
Laxatives that increase fecal water, distention leads to peristalsis AE: bloating, diarrhea, rectal irritation #1 Lyte imbalance AE for all laxatives
59
Magnesium Hydroxide
Laxative-Saline Increases osmotic pressure in GI, causing H2O to enter intestines and stimulate peristalsis via distention AE: Magnesium toxicity w/ renal impairment, Diarrhea, thirst, cramping CONTRA: Renal failure
60
Senna
Laxative-Stimulant Increases peristalsis via intestinal nerve stimulation AE: nutrient malabsorption, skin rashes, gastric/rectal irritation Urine discolor
61
Lactulose
Hyperosmotic laxative given for hepatic encephalopathy- helps lower ammonia levels via GI excretion
62
Scopolamine
Anticholinergic for nausea -inhibits ACh receptors in inner ear For motion sickness, N/V, excess secretions CONTRA: glaucoma
63
Meclizine
Antihistamine for nausea -Blocks H1 receptors- inhibits ACh -prevents N/V AE: drowsiness
64
Promethazine
Antidopaminergic for nausea -blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ -Also for psychotic disorders/hiccups AE: drowsiness
65
Metoclopramide
Prokinetic for nausea -Blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ, decreasing the sensitivity to impulses from the GI tract Stimulates peristalsis- improves gastric emptying Helps GERD via LES support AE: tardive dyskinesia, neuropsychiatric effects, and tremor w/ long term use
66
Odansetron
Serotonin Blocker for nausea -blocks serotonin receptors in CTZ, GI, and Vomiting Center -For chemo N/V or post-op N/V AE: Serotonin Syndrome w/ anti-depressants
67
Epoetin Alfa
68
Filgrastim
69
Methotrexate
70
Biphosphonates -Alendronate -Ibandronate
71
SERMs -tmoxifen -raloxifene
72
Famotidine
H2 Blocker/Agonist Decreases stomach acid production, therefore decreasing acid-related pain For GERD, Erosive Esophagitis, PUD Generally well-tolerated with few AE
73
Magnesium Salts
Antacids -AE: diarrhea CONTRA: renal failure
74
Aluminum Salts
Antacids -AE: constipation safe to take with renal failure
75
Sucralfate
Acid-controlling drug Mucosal protectant in stomach Take 1 hour before eating to maximize effects
76
Pantoprazole
PPI-Antacid #1 most potent antacid Causes Achlorhydia (90%+ of all acid production stopped for over 24 hours) For: GERD, Erosive Esophagitis, H. Pylori, NSAID ulcers AE: C. diff, osteoporosis, pneumonia, low magnesium, dementia, lupus Increases levels of phenytoin and diazepam
77
Calcium Salts
Antacids AE: constipation, kidney stones CONTRA: renal failure, lyte imbalances, impaired GI motility

Patho/Pharm 1 Final Exam (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions