Obesity Flashcards
(19 cards)
The recommended exercise amount is ____
Strength training ___/week
150-300 minutes/week
Moderate intensity
Strength 2x/week
____, the increase in number, and ____, the increase in size of adipocytes leads to obesity
Hyperplasia= number
Hypertrophy= size
______ are triggered to become ____ once storage of existing fat cells is exceeded
Preadipocytes-adipocytes
What is leptin and how is it affected by obesity?
Hormone released from adipocytes when eating
Causes satiety/full feeling
Obesity: leptin resistance
-no longer feel full after eating
What is ghrelin and how is it affected by obesity?
Hormone released from the stomach in response to fasting
Causes hungry feeling
Prevents life-threatening BG drops
Should decrease after eating
Obesity: ghrelin doesn’t fall after eating- remains hungry
How does obesity affect insulin?
Causes resistance, leading to starving cells and high BG
_____ fat in particular has higher mortality and health risks associated with obesity
Visceral/abdominal/android
What 3 GI/liver problems can occur from obesity?
GERD
Gallstones
NASH
Explain NASH
Nonalcoholic Steratohepatitis
-non-alcoholic fatty liver
-Eventually can become cirrhosis
Explain obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Obesity can cause:
Reduced chest wall compliance
Increase work of breathing
Decreased total lung capacity
Poor sleep and sleep deprivation may increase ___-
Appetite
Explain how obesity affects the MSK system
Osteoarthritis- stress on weight-bearing joints like knees and hips
Inflammatory mediator triggering
Cartilage deterioration
higher incidence of hyperuricemia and gout
Obesity is one of the most preventable causes of ___-
Cancer
How can drugs affect obesity?
Can increase satiety or decrease fat absorption
Drug therapy for obesity is only used ….
In conjunction w/ calorie-reduction diet, exercise, and behavior modification
What meds are NOT recommended for weight loss?
Which ones are for short term only?
Amphetamines- NO
Nonamphetamines: phentermine and naloxone can kick-start weight loss
What is required for short-term nonamphetamines to be effective for weight loss?
Phentermine / naloxone
-12-week max- jump starts weight loss, but behavior/lifestyle changes must be continued to sustain weight loss
Explain the criteria for metabolic syndrome
Waist
Triglycerides
HDL Cholesterol
BP
Fasting Blood Glucose
Waist: 40+ inches in men
35+ inches in women
Triglycerides: >150
OR: on drugs for high triglycerides
HDL: < 40 in men
< 50 in women
OR: on drugs for high cholesterol
BP: 130+ systolic
85+ diastolic
OR: on drugs for hypertension
FBG: 100+
OR: on drugs for high glucose
What is metabolic syndrome?
A group of risk factors that increase a person’s chance of developing cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes
More prevalent in 60+ years old
Must have 3/5 criteria for diagnosis
