Lower Leg, Ankle and Foot

Question 1

What is the most frequently injured major joint in the body?

Answer 1

Ankle joint

Question 2

What type of joint is the ankle?

Answer 2

Synovial hinge joint

Question 3

How many axises does the ankle have?

Answer 3

One - uniaxial

Question 4

What bones articulate in the ankle joint?

Answer 4

Fibula
Tibia
Talus

Question 5

When is the malleolar grip strongest?

Answer 5

Dorsiflexion

Question 6

What is the ankle joint unstable?

Answer 6

Plantar flexion

Question 7

Where in the ankle joint is the capsule thin?

Answer 7

Anteriorly and posteriorly

Question 8

What supports the ankle medially and laterally?

Answer 8

Strong collateral ligaments

Question 9

What are the names of the ligaments in the ankle?

Answer 9

Medial (or deltoid) ligament

Lateral ligament

Question 10

How many slips does the medial ligament in the ankle have?

Answer 10

3

Question 11

What is the function of the medial ligament in the ankle?

Answer 11

Stabilises the joint during eversion

Question 12

Describe the shape of the medial ligament of the ankle

Answer 12

Large, strong, triangular band

Question 13

How many slips does the lateral ligament of the ankle have?

Answer 13

3

Question 14

Which of the ligaments of the ankle is stronger?

Answer 14

Medial ligament

Question 15

What ligament of the ankle is more commonly involved in ankle injuries?

Answer 15

Lateral ligament

Question 16

What muscles cause dorsiflexion of the ankle?

Answer 16

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Peroneus [fibularis] tertius

Question 17

What muscles cause plantar flexion?

Answer 17

Gastrocnemius
Soleus

Plantaris
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus

Question 18

What movement do ankle strains tend to occur on?

Answer 18

Inversion

Question 19

What is Pott fracture?

Answer 19

Dislocation of the ankle

Question 20

What is footballer’s ankle?

Answer 20

Repeated strain on the anterior capsule

Question 21

What is tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 21

Tibial nerve compression deep to the flexor retinacula

Question 22

What is the function of the foot?

Answer 22

Supporting the body in standing and progression

Question 23

How is it moved?

Answer 23

It is levered forwards in walking, running and jumping

Question 24

What are the categories of bone in the foot?

Answer 24

Tarsus
Metatarsus
Phalanges

Question 25

At what joint does inversion and eversion of the foot occur?

Answer 25

Subtalar joint | Transverse tarsal joint

Question 26

What muscles invert the foot?

Answer 26

Tibialis anterior | Tibialis posterior

Question 27

What muscles evert the foot?

Answer 27

Fibularis longus | Fibularis brevis

Question 28

What is the function of the arch of the foot?

Answer 28

Acts as a shock absorber Distributes weight over the foot Acts as a springboard whilst walking, running and jumping

Question 29

What structures form the arch of the foot?

Answer 29

Bones

Question 30

What happens to the arch with each ground contact?

Answer 30

Deforms

Question 31

Where are the longitudinal arches?

Answer 31

The medial and lateral parts of the foot

Question 32

Where is the transverse arch?

Answer 32

Runs from side to side

Question 33

Which of the longitudinal arches is higher and more important than the other?

Answer 33

Medial longitudinal arch

Question 34

What maintains the integrity of the arches?

Answer 34

``` Shape of the united bones Plantar aponeurosis Long and short plantar ligaments Spring ligament (calaneonavicular) Intrinsic muscles of the foot ```

Question 35

What causes acquired flat feet?

Answer 35

Dysfunction of the tibilais posterior