Tutorial 5: Lower Limb, Wet Lab

Question 1

See page 6 of the booklet for diagrams of the pelvis and femur

Answer 1

…

Question 2

What are the superficial veins of the lower limb?

Answer 2

Great saphenous vein

Small saphenous vein

Question 3

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia?

Answer 3

Great saphenous vein

Question 4

Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein?

Answer 4

Great saphenous vein

Question 5

Which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus?

Answer 5

Small saphenous vein

Question 6

Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein?

Answer 6

Small saphenous vein

Question 7

What can cause deep vein thrombosis?

Answer 7

Muscular inactivity

External pressure on veins

Question 8

What are the 3 most important arrangements of lymph nodes in the leg?

Answer 8

Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Popliteal

Question 9

Lymphatic vessels following the great and small saphenous veins enter which arrangements?

Answer 9

Great - superficial inguinal

Small - popliteal

Question 10

See page 10 of booklet for a diagram of the dermatomes of the lower limb

Answer 10

…

Question 11

Why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder joint?

Answer 11

Acetabular cavity is deeper than the glenoid cavity

The ligaments are stronger

Question 12

What type of joint is the hip?

Answer 12

Synovial ball and socket joint

Question 13

What is the acetabular labrum?

Answer 13

A cup-like depression in the lateral side of the pelvis

Question 14

What is the function of the acetabular labrum?

Answer 14

Deepening of acetabular cavity

Shock absorption

Question 15

What are the articulating parts of the hip joint?

Answer 15

Acetabular cavity

Femoral head

Question 16

What are the ligaments of the hip joint?

Answer 16

Intracapsular
Extracapsular:
- Iliofemoral
- Ischiofemoral
- Pubofemoral

Question 17

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

Answer 17

Prevention of hyperextension of the hip joint

Question 18

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

Answer 18

Prevention of excessive abduction of the hip joint

Question 19

What are the 3 main muscle compartments in the leg?

Answer 19

Anterior (flexor)
Posterior (extensor)
Medial (adductor)

Question 20

What muscles make up the quadriceps femurs?

Answer 20

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedialis

Question 21

What is the common tendon to the quadriceps muscles?

Answer 21

Quadriceps tendon above patella

Patellar tendon below

Question 22

What does the patellar tendon attach to?

Answer 22

Tibial tuberosity

Question 23

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 23

Femoral nerve

Question 24

What muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?

Answer 24

Quadriceps femoris
Sartorius
Iliacus
Pectineus

Question 25

What is the action of the quadriceps?

Answer 25

Extension of the knee | Flexion of the hip

Question 26

What is the fascia latae?

Answer 26

A thickening of the fascia on the lateral side of the thigh

Question 27

What muscles are attached to the fascia latae?

Answer 27

Tensor fascia latae | Gluteus maximus

Question 28

What are the 3 actions of the sartorius on the hip joint?

Answer 28

Flexion Abduction Lateral rotation

Question 29

What is the action of the sartorius on the knee joint?

Answer 29

Flexion

Question 30

What are the adductor muscles of the thigh?

Answer 30

Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis

Question 31

What nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?

Answer 31

Obturator nerve

Question 32

What bony structure does the obturator nerve pass through?

Answer 32

Obturator foramen

Question 33

What are the contents of the adductor hiatus?

Answer 33

Femoral artery Femoral vein Saphenous nerve Nerve to the vastus medialis

Question 34

What artery is the femoral artery a continuation of?

Answer 34

External iliac artery

Question 35

When does the external iliac artery change to the femoral artery?

Answer 35

When it crosses under the inguinal ligament

Question 36

What is the large branch of the femoral artery that passes posteriorly towards the hamstrings?

Answer 36

Profunda femoris artery

Question 37

What is the femoral vein a continuation of?

Answer 37

Popliteal vein

Question 38

What does the femoral vein go on to become?

Answer 38

External iliac vein

Question 39

What veins drain into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle?

Answer 39

Profunda femoris vein | Great saphenous vein

Question 40

What structures for the borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 40

Sartorius Adductor longus Inguinal ligament

Question 41

What forms the base of the femoral triangle?

Answer 41

Pectineus Iliacus Psoas major Adductor longus

Question 42

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 42

Femoral vein Femoral artery Femoral nerve Lymphatic vessels

Question 43

What is the femoral sheath?

Answer 43

A funnel shaped fascial tube which surrounds the femoral vessels (but not the nerve) and creates the femoral canal medially to the which contains lymphatic vessels

Question 44

What lies outside of the femoral sheath, but in the femoral triangle?

Answer 44

Femoral nerve

Question 45

Which gender are femoral hernias more common in?

Answer 45

Females

Question 46

What structures form the boundaries of the adductor canal?

Answer 46

??

Question 47

Which nerve roots contribute to the lumbar plexus?

Answer 47

L1-4

Question 48

What are the segmental root values of the femoral and obturator nerves?

Answer 48

L2-4

Question 49

Which 2 muscles have a common tendon causing them to be referred to as the iliopsoas?

Answer 49

Iliacus | Psoas major

Question 50

What are the lateral rotators of the hip?

Answer 50

Piriformis Gemilli Quadratus femoris Gluteus maximus

Question 51

What are the medial rotators of the hip and what other action do they cause in the hip joint?

Answer 51

Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fascia latae Abduction

Question 52

What muscles cause flexion of the hip?

Answer 52

``` Psoas major Iliacus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Gracilis Pectanius ```

Question 53

What muscles cause extension of the hip?

Answer 53

Gluteus maximus | Hamstrings