Tutorial 6: Lower Limb, Dry Lab

Question 1

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the pelvis?

Answer 1

Greater sciatic foramen

Question 2

Which sciatic foramen is a route for structures entering or leaving the perineum?

Answer 2

??

Question 3

What muscles form the superficial layer in the gluteal region?

Answer 3

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

Question 4

What muscles form the deep layer in the gluteal region?

Answer 4

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadrates femoris

Question 5

What 2 muscles are attached to the iliotibial tract?

Answer 5

Tensor fascia latae

Gluteus maximus

Question 6

What part the the fascia lata is called the iliotibial tract?

Answer 6

?

Question 7

What are the actions of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 7

Extension and lateral rotation of hip

Question 8

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?

Answer 8

Inferior gluteal muscle

Question 9

What are the actions of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae muscles?

Answer 9

Abductors and medial rotators of the hip

Question 10

Which nerve innervates the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae muscles?

Answer 10

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 11

What is the action of the deep layer of muscles in the gluteal region?

Answer 11

Stabilisation of the hip joint and lateral rotation of the hip

Question 12

The sacral plexus is formed by the union of the ventral rami of which spinal nerves?

Answer 12

L4-5, S1-4

Question 13

What are the main 2 branches of the sacral plexus?

Answer 13

Sciatic nerve

Pudendal nerve

Question 14

What spinal nerves form the lumbrosacral trunk?

Answer 14

L4 and 5

Question 15

What is the nerve root value of the superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 15

L4-S1

Question 16

What muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 16

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae

Question 17

What is the root value of the inferior gluteal nerve?

Answer 17

L5-S2

Question 18

What muscle in the gluteal region is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve?

Answer 18

Gluteus maximus

Question 19

What other branches of the sacral plexus exist?

Answer 19

Nerve to piriformis (S1-2)
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Nerve to the quadratus femoris
Obturator internus
Pudendal nerve
Nerve to elevator and and coccygeus

Question 20

Inferior to which muscle does the sciatic nerve emerge in the gluteal region?

Answer 20

Inferiorly to the piriformis

Question 21

What are the 2 terminal branches of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 21

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

Question 22

Does the sciatic nerve supply any muscles in the gluteal region?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

What are the hamstrings?

Answer 23

Semitendonosus
Semimembranosus
Long and short heads of biceps femoris

Question 24

What are the actions of the hamstrings?

Answer 24

Extension of the hip

Flexion of the knee

Question 25

See booklet page 33 for a diagram of the knee

Answer 25

...

Question 26

What does the stability of the knee joint depend on?

Answer 26

Strength and action of the surrounding muscles and their tendons Ligaments connecting the femur and tibia

Question 27

Which is the most important muscle involved in the stabilisation of the knee joint?

Answer 27

??

Question 28

What are the 2 collateral ligament of the knee?

Answer 28

Lateral collateral ligament | Medial collateral ligament

Question 29

What does the lateral collateral ligament attach to?

Answer 29

Lateral epicondyle of the femur | Lateral surface of the head of the tibia

Question 30

What muscle separates the lateral collateral ligament and the lateral meniscus?

Answer 30

??

Question 31

What does the medial collateral ligament attach to?

Answer 31

Medial epicondyle of the femur Medial meniscus Upper part of the medial surface of the tibia

Question 32

Why is the attachment between the medial meniscus and medial collateral ligament important?

Answer 32

??

Question 33

What are the 2 cruciate ligaments?

Answer 33

Anterior cruciate ligament | Posterior cruciate ligament

Question 34

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 34

Preventing the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia | Prevention of anterior dislocation of the knee

Question 35

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 35

Preventing the femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia | Prevention of posterior dislocation of the knee

Question 36

What menisci exist in the knee?

Answer 36

Lateral meniscus | Medial meniscus

Question 37

What are the main functions of the menisci?

Answer 37

Deepening of the articular surface of the tibia, increasing the stability of the joint Shock absorption

Question 38

What muscles cause flexion of the knee joint?

Answer 38

Hamstrings Gracilis Sartorius Popliteus

Question 39

What muscles cause extension of the knee joint?

Answer 39

Quadriceps femoris

Question 40

What bursa exist around the knee?

Answer 40

Suprapatellar bursa Semimembranosus bursa Prepatellar bursa Deep and superficial infrapatellar bursae

Question 41

Which bursa communicates with the articular cavity of the knee joint?

Answer 41

Suprapatellar