Lower Limb 1

Question 1

What are the 3 bones of the hip bone?

Answer 1

Ilium, ischium and pubis

Question 2

What is 1?

Answer 2

Iliac crest

Question 3

What is 2?

Answer 3

Anterior superior iliac spine

Question 4

What is 5?

Answer 4

Pubis

Question 5

What is 6?

Answer 5

Pubic crest

Question 6

What is 7?

Answer 6

Ischium

Question 7

What is 10?

Answer 7

Ilium

Question 8

What is 16?

Answer 8

Obturator foramen

Question 9

Where does the femur head articulate?

Answer 9

Acetabulum of the hip to form the hip joint

Question 10

Where do the 2 hemi-pelvises articulate?

Answer 10

At midline at the pubic symphysis

Question 11

What are the 2 superficial veins of the lower limb?

Answer 11

Great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein

Question 12

Where do the superficial veins of the lower limb begin?

Answer 12

Begin as main tributaries from dorsal venous arch of the foot, ascending superiorly, with great saphenous draining into femoral vein

Question 13

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to medial malleolus of tibia?

Answer 13

Great saphenous vein

Question 14

Which superficial vein ascends posterior to lateral malleolus?

Answer 14

Small saphenous vein

Question 15

What does the great saphenous vein drain into?

Answer 15

Femoral vein

Question 16

What does the small saphenous vein drain into?

Answer 16

Popliteal vein

Question 17

Describe varicose veins

Answer 17

Valves in saphenous veins become incompetent and thin walled vessels dilate and become torturous
Normally asymptomatic

Question 18

What is the course of the deep veins of the lower limb?

Answer 18

Ascend with their respective arteries

Question 19

What are the 3 groups of lymph nodes in lower limb?

Answer 19

Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Popliteal

Question 20

Where do the lymphatic vessels of lower limbs drain into?

Answer 20

Lymphatic vessels accompanying great saphenous veins drain into superficial inguinal nodes
Lymphatic vessels accompanying small saphenous vein drain into popliteal lymph nodes

Question 21

What dermatome is the anterior of the knee?

Answer 21

L3

Question 22

What is the big toe and little toe supplied by?

Answer 22

Big - L5 dermatome
Little - S1 dermatome

Question 23

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 23

Ball and socket synovial joint

Question 24

What is acetabular labrum?

Answer 24

Band of tough cartilage and connective tissue that lines the acetabulum

Question 25

What is the function of the acetabular labrum?

Answer 25

Retains layer of intra-articular fluid for joint lubrication and support/ distribution

Question 26

What is 1?

Answer 26

Iliofemoral ligament

Question 27

What is 2?

Answer 27

Pubofemoral ligament

Question 28

What is 3?

Answer 28

Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 29

What does the iliofemoral ligament prevent?

Answer 29

Hyperextension of hip joint

Question 30

What does the pubofemoral ligament prevent?

Answer 30

Hyper-abduction of the hip joint

Question 31

What muscles are involved in hip flexion?

Answer 31

Psoas major Ileus Pectineus

Question 32

What is muscle 1/2?

Answer 32

Psoas major

Question 33

What is muscle 3?

Answer 33

Iliacus

Question 34

What is muscle 6?

Answer 34

Pectineus

Question 35

Where do iliacus and psoas major insert?

Answer 35

Common tendon - lesser trochanter of femur Known as iliopsoas muscle

Question 36

What are the 3 groups of hip extensor muscles?

Answer 36

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings and posterior part of adductor magnus

Question 37

What muscle is the main extensor of the hip joint?

Answer 37

Gluteus maximus

Question 38

What plexus supplies the muscles of hip extension?

Answer 38

Sacral plexus L4-S3

Question 39

What nerve mainly supplies the adductor compartment?

Answer 39

Obturator nerve apart from posterior part of adductor magnus

Question 40

What is A?

Answer 40

Pectineus

Question 41

What is B?

Answer 41

Adductor brevis

Question 42

What is C?

Answer 42

Adductor longus

Question 43

What is D?

Answer 43

Gracilis

Question 44

What are the muscles of hip adduction?

Answer 44

Pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, gracilis and obturator externus

Question 45

What muscles carry out hip abduction?

Answer 45

Deep gluteal muscles - gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and piriformis

Question 46

What is the deep gluteal muscles attachment?

Answer 46

Greater trochanter of femur

Question 47

What is A?

Answer 47

Gluteus minimus

Question 48

What is B?

Answer 48

Piriformis

Question 49

What is C?

Answer 49

Gluteus medius

Question 50

What plexus supplies the abductor compartment?

Answer 50

Sacral

Question 51

Where do the muscles of external rotation lie?

Answer 51

Cross the joint on posterior side Lie deep within pelvis and attach onto or around greater trochanter of femur

Question 52

What are the muscles of external rotation?

Answer 52

Piriformis Obturator internus Obturator externus Superior and inferior gamelli Quadratus femoris

Question 53

What muscles are the medial rotators of the hip joint?

Answer 53

Anterior fibres of gluteus medius Anterior fibres of gluteus minimus Tensor fascia lata

Question 54

What muscles make up the anterior thigh?

Answer 54

Quadriceps Femoris - 4 headed muscle

Question 55

What are the 4 parts of the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 55

Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius

Question 56

Which nerve innervated the anterior thigh muscles?

Answer 56

Femoral nerve - L2-4

Question 57

What do the 4 muscles of quadriceps form?

Answer 57

Unite to form quadricep tendon proximal to patella Distal to patella it continues as patellar tendon - inserting into anterior aspect of tibia

Question 58

Describe the sartorius muscle

Answer 58

Longest muscle in body and most superficial in anterior compartment of thigh

Question 59

What is the proximal and distal attachment of sartorius muscle?

Answer 59

Proximal - anterior superior iliac spine Distal - pes anserinus of medial aspect of tibia along with 2 other muscles

Question 60

What muscles attach to the pes anserinus?

Answer 60

Sartorius, gracilis and semtendinous muscles

Question 61

What are the 3 actions of sartorius muscle on the hip joint?

Answer 61

Thigh flexion Thigh abduction Laterally rotates hip joint - external rotation

Question 62

What is the action of the sartorius muscle on the knee joint?

Answer 62

Flexion and internal rotation

Question 63

Describe the position of the sartorius muscle

Answer 63

Spirals around thigh from lateral to medial, crossing the hip anteriorly and the knee joint posterior-medially

Question 64

Which nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?

Answer 64

Obturator muscles

Question 65

What structures pass through the adductor canal?

Answer 65

Femoral artery Femoral vein Saphenous nerve