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MSK - Anatomy > Upper Limb 1 > Flashcards

Upper Limb 1 Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

What is the axilla?

A

Pyramidal space below the shoulder joint
Provides passage way for vessels and nerves
Has an apex, base and 4 walls

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2
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscle

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3
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

Subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi

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4
Q

What forms the medial wall of the axilla?

A

Thoracic wall and serratus anterior muscle

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5
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

A

Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

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6
Q

What makes up the apex of the axilla?

A

Lateral border of first rib, superior border of scapula and posterior border of clavicle

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7
Q

What are the contents of the axilla?

A

Axillary artery, axillary vein, brachial plexus, axillary lymph nodes, and biceps brachii + coracobrachialis

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8
Q

What is the axillary artery a continuation of?

A

Subclavian artery

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9
Q

At what anatomical point does the axillary artery begin?

A

Lateral border of the 1st rib

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10
Q

When does the axillary artery change to the brachial artery?

A

Inferior border of teres major

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11
Q

When are axillary lymph nodes enlarged?

A

Infection of upper limb and malignant processes involving breast tissue

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12
Q

What ventral rami make up the brachial plexus?

A

C5 to T1

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13
Q

What is the nerve roots of the upper, middle and lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

Upper - C5 and C6
Middle - Continuation of C7
Lower - C8 and T1

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14
Q

What is the sub-divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

5 roots
3 trunks
3 anterior and 3 posterior divisions
3 cords
Terminal branches

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15
Q

What are the cords of brachial plexus named after?

A

Their position in relation to axillary artery in the axilla

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16
Q

What does injury to the upper trunk of brachial plexus cause?

A

Erb’s palsy - waiters tip appearance
Medial rotation of the arm with wrist flexion
Caused by hyperextension injury if head from shoulder

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17
Q

What does injury of the lower trunk of brachial plexus cause?

A

Klumpke’s palsy
Mainly affects intrinsic muscles of hand, flexor muscles of wrist and flexor muscles of fingers

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18
Q

What are the 5 main terminal branches of the cords of brachial plexus?

A

Axillary nerve
Radial nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Ulnar nerve
Median nerve

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19
Q

What nerves come from the posterior cord of the branchial plexus?

A

Axillary and radial nerves

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20
Q

What nerve comes from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous
Median nerve from lateral and medial cord

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21
Q

What nerves come from the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Ulnar and Median nerve
Median nerve from medial and lateral cord

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22
Q

What are the roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5-7

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23
Q

What are the roots of the axillary nerve?

A

C5 and C6

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24
Q

What are the roots of the median nerve?

A

C6-T1

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25
What are the roots of the radial nerve?
C5-T1
26
What are the roots of the ulnar nerve?
C8-T1
27
What artery is number 3?
Subclavian artery
28
What artery is number 6?
Axillary artery
29
What artery is number 7?
Brachial artery
30
What artery is number 9?
Radial artery
31
What artery is number 10?
Ulnar artery
32
What vein is number 10?
Cephalic vein
33
What vein is number 11?
Basilic vein
34
What is number 12?
Median cubital vein
35
What is the dorsal venous arch?
Complex network of veins lying at the distal aspect of upper limb
36
Where do superficial veins of upper limb lie?
Subcutaneous tissue - just under skin so easy access for some procedures
37
Where does the cephalic and basilic veins arise from?
Cephalic - lateral end of the dorsal venous arch Basilic - medial end of the dorsal venous arch
38
Where is the median cubital vein situated?
Ante-cubital fossa
39
Describe the course of the cephalic vein
Ascends in lateral aspect of arm and pierces clavipectoral fascia draining into axillary vein
40
Describe the course of the basilic vein
Ascends on medial side of arm, passing deep at the mid-humeral level and becomes axillary vein at lower border of teres minor
41
What is a dermatome?
Area of skin supplied by one spinal segment
42
Where do all lymphatic vessels of upper limb drain into?
Axillary nodes
43
What are the 5 distinct groups of axillary lymph nodes?
Anterior or pectoral group Posterior or subscapular group Apical group Central group Lateral or brachial group
44
What is the pectoral gridle and what bones are included?
Connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton on each side Scapula and clavicle with acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints
45
What is the joint connecting the pectoral gridle to the upper arm?
Glenohumeral joint
46
Name the features of the clavicle
Acromial end and Sternal end Subclavian groove Costal tuberosity Trapezoid line Conoid tubercle
47
What can help differentiate between the acromial end and sternal end of the clavicle?
Lateral aspect of clavicle is flatter than medial Superior surface is smoother than inferior Conoid tubercle is attachment for conoid ligament - inferior aspect of lateral portion
48
Which part of the clavicle is the weakest and breaks commonly during fall?
Middle as thinnest part of clavicle
49
What is A?
Acromion of scapula
50
What is B?
Coracoid process
51
What is C?
Glenoid cavity
52
What is D?
Subscapular fossa
53
What is E?
Supraspinous fossa
54
What is F?
Spine of the scapula
55
What is G?
Supraglenoid tubercle
56
What is H?
Infra-glenoid tubercle
57
What is I?
Infra-spinous fossa
58
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Plane synovial joint
59
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Saddle synovial joint
60
Describe the scapulo-humeral rhythm
First 30 degrees of abduction is caused by muscles acting on shoulder joint After 30 degrees, relies on scapula being pulled upwards and laterally rotated on chest wall Every 3 degrees of abduction after first 30 - 2 degrees occur at gleno-humeral joint and 1 at scapula thoracic movement
61
What are the main muscles involved in elevation of scapula?
Trapezius Levator scapulae
62
What is the main muscle involved in depression of the scapula?
Trapezius
63
What are the main muscles involved in protraction of the scapula?
Pectoralis minor and serratus anterior
64
What are the main muscles involved in retraction of the scapula?
Trapezius and rhomboids
65
What main muscle is involved in the lateral rotation of the scapula?
Trapezius - upper and middle
66
What muscles are involved in the medial rotation of the scapula?
Gravity Levator scapula Rhomboid major and minor Pectoralis minor
67
What is muscle 1?
Trapezius
68
What is muscle 2?
Levator scapula
69
What is muscle 3?
Rhomboid minor
70
What is muscle 4?
Rhomboid major
71
What is muscle 5?
Supraspinatus
72
What is muscle 6?
Infraspinatus
73
What is muscle 7?
Teres minor
74
What is muscle 8?
Teres major
75
What is muscle 9?
Latissimus dorsi
76
What are features of proximal humerus?
Head of humerus, greater + lesser tubercle, surgical neck, deltoid tuberosity and intertubercular groove
77
Describe the glenoid cavity
On scapula Is synovial ball and socket joint with humerus Rim of cartilage surrounding socket is the glenoid labrum
78
What is the function of the glenoid labrum?
Reduce disproportion
79
What is ligament 10?
Transverse ligament
80
What is ligament 8?
Glenohumeral ligaments - strengthen anterior aspect of joint capsule
81
What is ligament 13?
Coraco-acromial ligament
82
What is ligament 12?
Coracohumeral ligament - strengthens superior aspect of joint capsule
83
What is the coraco-acromial arch made up of?
Acromion, coracoid and coraco-acromial ligament Prevents superior displacement of humeral head
84
What is the function of bursae?
Provide cushioning around joints via synovial fluid filled interior
85
What are the 2 main bursae of shoulder?
Subacromial (subdeltoid) and subscapular bursae
86
Which bursa communicates with the joint cavity?
Subacromial bursa
87
What is the role of the subacromial bursa?
Reduces friction of tendon on movement of shoulder joint

MSK - Anatomy (11 decks)

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