Lower Limb 4 Flashcards by Sophie Pitcairn

Describe the popliteal fossa

Fat filled and diamond shaped space located posterior to knee joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What muscle is the medial boundary of the popliteal fossa?

Semimembranosus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What muscle is the lateral boundary of the popliteal fossa?

Biceps femoris

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is 1?

Biceps femoris

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is 2?

Semimembranosus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is 3?

Semitendinosus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is 4?

Tibial nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is 5?

Popliteal artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is 6?

Common fibular nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What relation is the popliteal artery to the popliteal vein?

Inferior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What muscle forms the inferior boundary of the popliteal fossa?

Gastrocnemius

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Fat, popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve and popliteal LNs and vessels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does the popliteal artery emerge from?

Adductor hiatus - femoral artery then becomes popliteal artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which nerve innervates gastrocnemius?

Tibial nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of the small muscle with a very long tendon in superficial muscle of leg?

Plantaris

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of the plantaris?

Weakly assists with gastrocnemius in plantarflexion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is A?

Calcaneal tendon - Achilles tendon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is B?

Soleus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is C?

Lateral and medial head of gastrocnemius

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is D?

Plantaris

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the attachment and insertion of the Achilles tendon?

Attaches to strong terminal attachment of gastrocnemius passing down to insert onto posterior aspect of calcaneus bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 4 muscles of the deep group of posterior leg muscles?

Popliteus
Flexor hallicus longus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorium longus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is 1?

Popliteus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is 2?

Flexor hallicus longus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is 3?

Tibialis posterior

What is 4?

Flexor digitorium longus

Which nerve and vessel accompany 3 muscle tendons through the 'door of the foot'?

Posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve

What 3 muscle tendons enter through the 'door of the foot'?

Flexor hallicus longus Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorium longus This means they avoid being compressed by calcaneus

Which nerve innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Tibial nerve

Which branch of the popliteal artery supplies posterior compartment of leg?

Posterior tibial artery

What is 1?

Talus

What is 2?

Calcaneus

What is 3?

Navicular

What is 4?

Cuboid

What is 5?

Cuneiforms

What is 6?

Metatarsals

What is the deep fascia of the foot called?

Plantar fascia - supports arch of foot and acts as spring when pushing off from normal walking gait

Describe plantar fasciitis

Felt as heel pain and brought on by overuse (running) or increase in weight and/ or age Treatment/ management - rest, strengthening exercises or as steroid injections

What movements of the ankle are achieved at the mortise joint of the ankle?

Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion

What movements occur at the subtalar joint of the ankle?

Inversion and eversion

What type of joint is the talonavicular joint?

Synovial ball and socket joint - allows pivot of foot from side to side

What type of joint is the talocalcaneal joint?

Synovial plane joint - allows some lateral sliding movement

Why are the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joint important?

Essential for weight distribution when walking on uneven ground and balancing on one leg

What are the arches of the foot?

Longitudinal and transverse arches

What is the role of the arches of the foot?

Distribute body weight onto main fat pads and the curvature acts as a shock absorber

What ligament helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch?

Plantar calcaneo-navicular or spring ligament

What are the passive factors maintaining the integrity of the arch of the foot?

Shape of united bones Plantar aponeurosis ligament or spring ligament Long plantar ligament Short plantar ligament

What are the dynamic factors maintaining the integrity of the arch of the foot?

Intrinsic muscles of the foot Long flexor tendons Tendon of tibialis anterior and fibularis longus muscles

What are high arches of the foot due to?

Often congenital abnormalities causing fixed contractions of flexor muscles

What are flat feet due to?

Common problem with increasing age, due to dysfunction of one or more of the dynamic or passive factors

What is congenital clubfoot?

Ankle is plantarflexed with abnormal adduction/ inversion of the hindfoot and forefoot Shortness and tightness of muscles, tendons, ligaments and joint capsules

How many layers of muscles does the foot have?

4 layers

What is the function of the first layer of muscles in the foot?

Flexes the toes which initiates first part of gait cycle

What structures are found within layer 2 of the foot muscles?

Posterior tibial artery and tbial nerve

What is A?