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MSK - Anatomy > Upper Limb 3 > Flashcards

Upper Limb 3 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexors of the wrist and digits
Also facilitate pronation of the forearm at radio-ulnar joint

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2
Q

What is the common flexor origin for the superficial and intermediate flexors?

A

Medial epicondyle

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3
Q

What is A?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

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4
Q

What is B?

A

Plamaris longus

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5
Q

What is C?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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6
Q

What is D?

A

Pronator teres

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7
Q

What is the action of the pronator teres?

A

Pronator forearm and flexes elbow joint

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8
Q

What muscle does ulnar deviation of the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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9
Q

What muscle does radial deviation of the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

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10
Q

What nerve supplies the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Median nerve except ulnar nerve supplying the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

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11
Q

What is the only muscle in the intermediate group of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorium superficialis (FDS)

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12
Q

To which digits are the 4 tendons of the FDS attached?

A

Medial 4 digits

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13
Q

On which phalanx are the tendons of FDS attached to?

A

Middle phalanx

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14
Q

What is the action of the FDS muscle?

A

Flexes the wrist, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints

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15
Q

What nerve innervates the flexor digitorium superficialis?

A

Median nerve

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16
Q

What is the main action of the brachioradialis muscle?

A

Weak flexion of the elbow joint
Maximal when forearm in mid-pronated position

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17
Q

Which nerve supplies the brachioradialis muscle?

A

Radial nerve

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18
Q

What is A?

A

Flexor pollicus longus

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19
Q

What is B?

A

Pronator quadratus

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20
Q

What is C?

A

Flexor digitorium profundus

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21
Q

Describe the FDP

A

Long, thick muscle that lies deeply in the front of the forearm
Lies more superficially on medial border and back of forearm

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22
Q

What is the main action of FDP on the wrist and fingers?

A

Flexes wrist joint at carpometacarpal joint and flexes distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2,3,4 and 5

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23
Q

Describe the dual supply of the FDP

A

Medial part (digits 4 + 5) - ulnar nerve
Lateral part (digits 2 + 3) - median nerve

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24
Q

What is the action of the flexor pollicus longus (FPL)?

A

Long flexor of the thumb

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25
What innervates the flexor pollicus longus?
Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve
26
What is the origin and insertion of the pronator quadratus?
Origin - anterior aspect of ulna Insertion - radius
27
What is the innervation of the pronator quadratus?
Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve
28
What are the pronator muscles of the anterior forearm?
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
29
What is 1?
Radial nerve
30
What is 2?
Radial artery
31
What is 3?
Median nerve
32
What is 4?
Ulnar artery
33
What is 5?
Ulnar nerve
34
What is the course of the median nerve in forearm?
Enters the forearm medial to brachial artery Then passes under FDS muscle and passes down forearm between FDS and FDP Enters the carpal tunnel inferior to the flexor retinaculum
35
What muscles does the median nerve not supply in the anterior forearm?
Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorium profundus
36
Describe the course of the ulnar nerve
Passes posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus, then enters forearm by passing between heads of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
37
Where does the ulnar nerve lie in relation to the ulnar artery?
Medial and superficial
38
Where does the brachial artery divide?
At neck of the radius
39
Describe the course of the ulnar artery
Runs distally with ulnar nerve between FCU and FDP Then forms the superficial palmar arch after running through the wrist
40
Describe the course of the radial artery
Initially starts under brachioradialis and runs over pronator teres and flexor pollicus longus lying on distal radius Forms deep palmar arch
41
What is the carpal tunnel?
Passageway from forearm to hand, passing deep to flexor retinaculum
42
What is the flexor retinaculum?
Strong fibrous band which stabilises the concavity of the palmar surface of the carpus and transmits several structures
43
What carpal bones are attached to flexor retinaculum?
Scaphoid Lateral side of the trapezium Pisiform Medial site of hamate
44
What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?
4 tendons of flexor digitorium profundus 4 tendons of flexor digitorium superficialis 1 tendon of flexor pollicus longus Median nerve
45
Describe carpal tunnel syndrome
Condition where any reduction in space within carpal tunnel can result in weakness and tingling of muscles + skin supplied by median nerve
46
What is the treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome?
Flexor retinaculum is dissected under local or general anaesthetic and nerve is freed
47
What is the function of the palmar fascia?
Fibres provide a lattice structure that protects the deep muscles and neurovascular structures of the hand
48
Which muscle of the forearm is continuous with the fascia of the palm?
Plantaris longus
49
What are the 5 compartments of the hand from superficial to deep?
Thenar compartment Hypothenar compartment Lumbricals and long flexor tendons Adductor compartment Interosseous compartment
50
What do the thenar muscles form?
Fleshy muscle belly - thenar eminence on lateral aspect of the palm
51
What are 3 muscles of the thenar compartment?
Flexor pollicus brevis Opponens pollicus Abductor pollicus brevis
52
What is A?
Flexor pollicus brevis
53
What is B?
Abductor pollicus brevis
54
What is C?
Opponens pollicus
55
What is the innervation of the thenar muscles?
Median nerve except the deep belly of flexor pollicus brevis which is ulnar nerve
56
Which nerve segment from brachial plexus serves to provide most of innervation to thenar muscles?
C8
57
What are the muscles in the hypothenar compartment of the hand?
Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi
58
What nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve
59
Which nerve from the brachial plexus serves to provide most of innervation to the hypothenar muscles?
T1
60
What is A?
Flexor digiti minimi
61
What is B?
Abductor digiti minimi
62
What is C?
Oppenens digiti minimi
63
What is the movement of opposition?
Movement of the thumb or little finger towards the other fingers
64
Where is the central compartment of the hand muscles?
Lying deep to palmar aponeurosis but between thenar and hypothenar eminence
65
What muscles are in the central compartment of the hand?
Long flexor tendons - Flexor digitorium superficialis + profundus and flexor pollicus longus 4 lumbricals
66
Where do the lumbricals arise from?
Medial and lateral aspects of FDP tendon between 1st to 5th metacarpals
67
What is the function of the lumbricals?
Flex the fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints of 2nd to 5th digits
68
What are the 2 medial lumbricals innervated by?
Ulnar nerve
69
What are the 2 lateral lumbricals innervated by?
Median nerve

MSK - Anatomy (11 decks)

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