Lower limb 1

Question 1

2 superficial veins of the lower limb

Answer 1

Great and small/short saphenous vein

Question 2

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to medial malleus of the tibia

Answer 2

Great saphenous

Question 3

Which vein ascends posterior to lateral malleolus

Answer 3

Small saphenous

Question 4

Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein

Answer 4

Great saphenous

Question 5

Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein

Answer 5

Small saphenous

Question 6

Deep veins of the lower limb are clinically associated with what

Answer 6

DVT

Question 7

Lymphatic vessels accompanying the great saphenous vein drain into which lymph nodes

Answer 7

Superficial inguinal

Question 8

Lymphatic vessels accompanying the small saphenous vein drain into which lymph nodes

Answer 8

Popliteal lymph nodes

Question 9

Dermatome to medial knee

Answer 9

L3

Question 10

Dermatome to little toe

Answer 10

S1

Question 11

Print leg dermatomes

Answer 11

.

Question 12

Hip joint is what type of joint

Answer 12

Ball and socket

Question 13

Why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder joint

Answer 13

Because ball of the femur is almost entirely surrounded by socket of the pelvis whereas shoulder joint is like a golf ball resting on a tee

Question 14

What is the acetabular labrum

Answer 14

Ring of cartilage surrounding acetabulum

Question 15

Function of acetabular labrum

Answer 15

Deepens the acetabular cavity so increasing the surface of the hip joint

Question 16

Articular parts of hip joint

Answer 16

Acetabulum of pelvis with head of femur

Question 17

3 main ligaments of hip joint

Answer 17

Ilio-femoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

Question 18

Ilio-femoral ligament prevents what

Answer 18

Hyper-extension of hip joint

Question 19

Pubofemoral ligament prevents what

Answer 19

Hyper-abduction of hip joint

Question 20

Movements of the hip joint (7)

Answer 20

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
External (lateral) / internal (medial) rotation
Circumduction

Question 21

Main flexors of the hip (3)

Answer 21

Iliopsoas - MAIN
Rectus femoris
Sartorius

Question 22

Iliacus and psoas muscled share which common insertion of the femur

Answer 22

Lesser trochanter

Question 23

Extensors of the hip (5) + main one

Answer 23

Gluteus maximus - MAIN

Hamstrings

• semimembranosus
• semitendinosus
• biceps femoris

Adductor magnus

Question 24

Adductors of the hip joint (adduct thigh at hip joint) (6)

Answer 24

Adductor longus, brevis and magnus

Pectineus

Gracilis

Obturator externus

Question 25

Adductors are generally innervated by what nerve

Answer 25

Obturator

Question 26

Abductors of the hip joint

Answer 26

Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Piriformis Tensor fascia latae

Question 27

There's no lateral of abductor compartment of the thigh like there is for adductors, but rather the deep gluteal muscles carry out this role via their attachment to what on the femur

Answer 27

Greater trochanter

Question 28

Injury to the nerve supply of abductors causes what clinical problem

Answer 28

Trendelenberg gait - one Sid eof pelvis drops when walking because abductors on supporting limb side can't contract to keep pelvis level

Question 29

Medial rotators of the hip (3)

Answer 29

Anterior fibres of gluteus medium Anterior fibres of gluteus minibus Tensor fascia latae

Question 30

Muscles of the thigh are organised into 3 compartments

Answer 30

Anterior (quadriceps or extensors of knee) Medial (adductors of hip) Posterior (hamstrings or flexors of knee)

Question 31

Quadriceps femoris - 4 headed muscle consisting of

Answer 31

Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius

Question 32

Function of rectus femoris on hip joint

Answer 32

Stabilise hip joint + assists iliopsoas in flexing hip

Question 33

4 parts of the quadriceps unite to form the quadriceps tendon proximal to the patella and continues as the

Answer 33

patellar ligament

Question 34

Where does the patellar ligament attach

Answer 34

Tibial tuberosity

Question 35

Most superficial muscle of anterior thigh

Answer 35

Sartorius

Question 36

Functions of sartorius (acts on both hip and knee) (4)

Answer 36

Flex hip Abduct hip Laterally rotate thigh at hip Flex knee

Question 37

Which nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles, i.e. the adductors

Answer 37

Obturator

Question 38

Through which bony foramen does the nerve that innervates the adductors of the thigh enter the thigh through

Answer 38

Obturator foramen

Question 39

The obturator foramen is almost completely occluded by what muscle, leaving only a small canal for the neurovascular structures

Answer 39

Obturator internus

Question 40

What passes through the adductor hiatus

Answer 40

Femoral artery | Femoral vein

Question 41

Femoral artery is continuation of what

Answer 41

External iliac

Question 42

Femoral artery enters the thigh midway between which 2 bony surface markings Pulse can be felt here

Answer 42

ASIS + pubic symphysis

Question 43

Large branch of femoral artery which passes posteriorly toward the hamstrings

Answer 43

Profunda femoris

Question 44

Femoral vein is continuation of what vein

Answer 44

Popliteal vein

Question 45

Femoral vein passes under inguinal ligament to continue as which vein

Answer 45

External iliac vein

Question 46

What 2 veins drain into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle

Answer 46

Profunda femoris vein | Great saphenous vein

Question 47

Clinical use of femoral vein

Answer 47

Cannulation for right cardiac angiography

Question 48

Largest branch of lumbar plexus

Answer 48

Femoral nerve

Question 49

All the adductors of the hip are innervated by obturator nerve except which muscle

Answer 49

Pectineus - femoral

Question 50

Boundaries of femoral triangle - superior - medial - lateral - base

Answer 50

Superior - inguinal ligament Medial - adductor longus Lateral - sartorius Base - pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus

Question 51

3 major contents of the femoral triangle

Answer 51

Femoral nerve, artery, vein

Question 52

Femoral sheath is divided into 3 spaces - laterally occupied by - intermediately occupied by - medially occupied by

Answer 52

Lateral - femoral artery Intermediate - femoral vein Medial - femoral canal (space for lymphatics)

Question 53

What is the adductor canal (hunter's canal)

Answer 53

Tunnel in the thigh extending from the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus of the adductor magnus

Question 54

Contents of the adductor canal

Answer 54

Femoral artery Femoral vein Saphenous nerve Nerve to vastus medialis

Question 55

Lumbar plexus of nerves emerge through which muscle on the posterior abdo wall

Answer 55

Psoas major

Question 56

Nerve roots of - femoral nerve - obturator nerve

Answer 56

L2-4 | L2-4

Question 57

Which nerve roots contribute to formation of lumbar plexus

Answer 57

L1-4