Upper limb 3

Question 1

Anterior forearm has 3 layers - name them

How many muscles are there in each compartment

Answer 1

Superficial - 4
Intermediate - 1
Deep - 3

Question 2

Name the 4 muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior forearm

Answer 2

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 3

The superficial layer of muscles of the anterior forearm (Pronator teres, Flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus, Flexor carpi ulnaris) all originate from a common tendon arising from where

Answer 3

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 4

The superficial layer of muscles of the anterior forearm all have what common function apart from pronator teres

Answer 4

Flex the wrist

Question 5

Functions of the superficial layer of muscles of the anterior forearm

• pronator teres (1)
• Flexor carpi radialis (2)
• Palmaris longus (1)
• Flexor carpi ulnaris (2)

Answer 5

Pronator teres - pronate forearm
FCR - flex wrist + abduct wrist
Palmaris longus - flex wrist
FCU - flex wrist + adduct wrist

Question 6

Innervation of the superficial layer of muscles of the anterior forearm

• pronator teres
• Flexor carpi radialis
• Palmaris longus
• Flexor carpi ulnaris

There are 3 that have the same

Answer 6

Median
Median
Median
Ulnar

Question 7

Brachioradialis WEAKLY FLEXES THE ELBOW but actually belongs to which compartment of the forearm because it’s innervated by what nerve

Answer 7

Posterior - because innervated by radial nerve

Question 8

Name the 1 muscle in the intermediate compartment of the anterior forearm

Answer 8

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 9

How many tendons does FDS have

the intermediate muscle in anterior forearm

Answer 9

4 (the muscle splits into four tendons at the wrist, which travel through the carpal tunnel and attach to the middle phalange of the medial 4 fingers)

Question 10

Functions of FDS (3)

the intermediate muscle in anterior forearm

Answer 10

Flexes the MCP joints
Flexes the PIP joints of the medial 4 fingers
Flexes the wrist

Question 11

Innervation of FDS

the intermediate muscle in anterior forearm

Answer 11

Median

Question 12

Name the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of the anterior forearm

Answer 12

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

Question 13

Functions of FDP (3)

one of the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of anterior forearm

Answer 13

Flex DIP joints of medial 4 fingers
Flex MCP joints
Flex wrist

Question 14

FDP has a dual nerve supply - what are they

one of the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of anterior forearm

Answer 14

Medial 2 fingers - ulnar nerve

Lateral 2 fingers - median nerve

Question 15

Functions of FPL (3)

one of the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of anterior forearm

Answer 15

Flex IP joint of thumb
Flex MCP joint of thumb
Flex wrist

Question 16

Innervation of FPL

one of the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of anterior forearm

Answer 16

Median nerve

Question 17

Function of pronator quadratus

one of the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of anterior forearm

Answer 17

Pronate forearm

Question 18

Innervation of pronator quadratus

one of the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of anterior forearm

Answer 18

Median nerve

Question 19

Median nerve is located where in relation to brachial artery

Answer 19

Medial

Question 20

Median nerve supplies all muscles in the forearm except (2)

Answer 20

Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)]

Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

Question 21

Ulnar nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus and enters the forearm by …

Answer 21

passing between the heads of FCU

Question 22

Ulnar nerve is located where in relation to the ulnar artery

Answer 22

Medial

Question 23

2 terminal branches of brachial artery

Answer 23

Radial + ulnar

Question 24

Brachial artery divides where

Answer 24

Neck of radius

Question 25

What is the carpal tunnel - deep to what - laterally bounded by what bones - medially bounded by what bones

Answer 25

Passageway deep to the flexor retinaculum, between the scaphoid and trapezium laterally and the pisiform and hamate bone medially

Question 26

What is the flexor retinaculum

Answer 26

Strong fibrous band

Question 27

Contents passing through the carpal tunnel to enter the hand (4)

Answer 27

Median nerve 4 tendons of FDP 4 tendons of FDS 1 tendon of FPL

Question 28

Most sensitive structure within the carpal tunnel

Answer 28

Median nerve

Question 29

What is carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 29

Lesion that significantly reduces the size of the carpal tunnel --> compression of median nerve --> abnormal sensation of area innervated by the nerve

Question 30

What fibrous tissue covers the palm

Answer 30

Palmar aponeurosis

Question 31

Which muscle of the forearm is continuous with the fascia of the palm

Answer 31

Palmar longus

Question 32

Intrinsic muscles of the hand are separated into 5 compartments

Answer 32

``` Thenar muscles Hypothenar muscles Adductor muscles Lumbricals Interossei ```

Question 33

Thenar muscles form the thenar eminence at the base of the thumb and are responsible for opposition of the thumb Name the 3 thenar muscles

Answer 33

Flexor pollicis brevis - most medial Abductor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis - most lateral

Question 34

Innervation of the thenar muscles

Answer 34

Median nerve

Question 35

Hypothenar muscles form the hypothenar eminence on the medial side of palm Name the 3 hypothenar muscles

Answer 35

Abductor digiti minimi - medial Flexor digiti minimi - lateral Opponens digiti minimi - deep to both

Question 36

Innervation of the hypothenar muscles

Answer 36

Ulnar nerve

Question 37

Adductor pollicis (technically also a thenar muscle) has 2 heads named ...

Answer 37

oblique (from base of 2nd + 3rd metacarpal) + transverse (from anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal) head

Question 38

Function + innervation of adductor pollicis

Answer 38

Adduct thumb | Ulnar nerve

Question 39

Lumbricals are the 4 short worm-like muscles From which long flexor tendons do they originate

Answer 39

The 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 40

Functions of lumbricals (2)

Answer 40

Flex MCP joint of digits 2-5 while simultaneously extending IP joint of digits 2-5

Question 41

Innervation of lumbricals

Answer 41

Medial 2 - ulnar | Lateral 2 - median

Question 42

Where are the interossei + how many are there

Answer 42

Between the metacarpal bones 7 - 4 dorsal interossei + 3 palmar interossei

Question 43

Function of dorsal and palmar interossei Hint: think pneumonic

Answer 43

Dorsal interossei - abduct fingers | Palmar interossei - adduct fingers

Question 44

Innervation of interossei

Answer 44

Ulnar

Question 45

Lesion of which trunk of the brachial plexus affects the short muscles of the hand - what is this condition known as

Answer 45

Inferior trunk (C8-T1) - causes klumpke paralysis

Question 46

Blood supply of the hand formed by what 2 arches

Answer 46

Superficial + deep palmar arch - formed by the ulnar and radial arteries

Question 47

Main contributing artery to - superficial palmar arch - deep palmar arch

Answer 47

ulnar radial

Question 48

What nerve doesn't supply any hand muscles But does supply what to the hand?

Answer 48

Radial - supplies sensation to the dorsal surface of the lateral 3 fingers (but not the tips of these fingers)

Question 49

Ulnar nerve innervates most intrinsic muscles of the hand except (3)

Answer 49

Thenar muscles | 1st + 2nd lumbricals

Question 50

Draw out dermatomes

Answer 50

``` C5 - regimental badge area C6 - thumb C7 - middle finger C8 - pinky T1 - medial elbow T2 - axilla ```

Question 51

draw out carpal bones

Answer 51

.

Question 52

Wrist joint is what type of joint

Answer 52

Synovial condyloid or ellipsoid

Question 53

Which bone forms the proximal part of the wrist joint

Answer 53

Radius

Question 54

Movements of wrist joint (5)

Answer 54

``` Flexion Extension Circumduction Adduction Abduction ```

Question 55

Combined action of extensor and flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 55

Adduction

Question 56

Muscles that abduct wrist joint (4)

Answer 56

Abductor pollicis longus Flexor carpi radialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis