Upper limb 2

Question 1

Which tubercle of the humerus is more in the midline

Answer 1

Lesser

Question 2

What is the line that separates the greater and lesser tubercle of the humerus

Answer 2

Intertubercular sulcus

Question 3

What is the fossa called on the posterior aspect of the humerus that occupies a part of the ulna

Answer 3

Olecranon fossa

Question 4

What 2 features of the humerus make up the condyle

Answer 4

Capitulum + trochlea

Question 5

The arm is divided into anterior (flexor) + posterior (extensor) compartment

What are the 3 major muscles of the anterior compartment that act on the elbow and superior radio-ulnar joint

Answer 5

Biceps brachii
Corachobrachialis
Brachialis

Question 6

Most anterior muscle of the anterior arm

Answer 6

Biceps brachii

Question 7

Biceps brachii origin + distal attachment

Answer 7

Origin

• short head - coracoid process of scpaula
• long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Distal
-both heads unite then insert into radial tuberosity

Question 8

Functions of biceps brachii (3)

Answer 8

Flex arm at elbow
Flex arm at shoulder - at GH joint
Supinate forearm - at superior radio-ulnar joint

Question 9

Innervation of all muscles in the anterior arm

Answer 9

Musculocutaneous (= C5-7 nerve roots)

Question 10

Which segmental fibres of the musculocutaneous nerve is the main innervator of the biceps brachii

Answer 10

C6

Question 11

Which cord of the brachial plexus does the musculocutaneous nerve arise

Answer 11

Lateral cord

Question 12

Corachobrachialis origin + distal attachment

Answer 12

Origin - coracoid process of scapula

Distal - medial mid-shaft humerus

Question 13

Corachobrachialis functions (2)

Answer 13

Flex arm at GH joint

Weak adduction of arm at GH joint

Question 14

Corachobrachialis and brachialis lie where in relation to biceps brachii

Answer 14

Deep to it in the anterior arm

Question 15

Brachialis origin + distal attachment

Answer 15

Origin - anterior mid-shaft humerus

Distal - ulnar tuberosity

Question 16

Function of brachialis

Answer 16

Flex elbow

Question 17

Course of musculocutaneous nerve

• enters arm by perforating what muscle
• after innervating anterior arm, continues as what

Answer 17

Leaves the axilla and enters the arm by perforating the corachobrachialis and then descends between biceps brachii and brachialis

After innervating the anterior arm, it continues as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

Question 18

The musculocutaneous nerve does not innervate any muscles of the forearm but does supply what…

Answer 18

sensation to the lateral aspect of forearm (hence lateral cutaneous nerve)

Question 19

The brachial artery divides in the cubital fossa into

Answer 19

radial + ulnar arteries

Question 20

The brachial artery gives off a deep artery in the arm

Answer 20

Profunda femoris

Question 21

4 main nerves passing through the arm

Answer 21

Median
Ulnar
Musculocutaneous
Radial

Question 22

The median nerve has 2 roots arising from which 2 cords of the brachial plexus

Answer 22

Medial root from medial cord

Lateral root from lateral cord

Question 23

Nerve roots of median nerve

Answer 23

C6- T1

Question 24

Course of median nerve

Answer 24

Exits the axilla and descends down the arm lateral to the brachial artery

Halfway down the arm, the nerve crosses over the brachial artery to the medial side of the arm then enters the anterior compartment of the forearm via the cubital fossa

Question 25

Does the median nerve innervate the arm

Answer 25

No

Question 26

Ulnar nerve arises from which cord of the brachial plexus

Answer 26

Medial

Question 27

Course of ulnar nerve

Answer 27

Exits the axilla and descends down the medial aspect of the upper arm. At the elbow, it passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus to enter the posterior compartment of the arm

Question 28

Nerve roots of ulnar nerve

Answer 28

C8-T1

Question 29

Does the ulnar nerve innervate the arm

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Nerve innervating - anterior arm (1) - posterior arm (1) - forearm (2)

Answer 30

Anterior arm - musculocutaneous Posterior arm - radial Forearm - median + ulnar

Question 31

Boundaries of cubital fossa - superior border - medial border - lateral border - roof

Answer 31

Superior - imagining line drawn between the 2 epicondyles of the humerus Medial - pronator teres Lateral - Brachioradialis Roof - skin + fascia

Question 32

Contents of the cubital fossa

Answer 32

Radial nerve Biceps brachii tendon Brachial artery Median nerve

Question 33

What vein runs within the roof of the cubital fossa

Answer 33

Median cubital - used for venipuncture

Question 34

Posterior compartment of arm contains one big muscle that occupies the whole compartment - name this

Answer 34

Triceps brachii

Question 35

Triceps has 3 heads - what is its origin + distal attachment

Answer 35

Origin - long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula - short heads - --> lateral head - humerus, superior to radial groove - --> medial head - humerus, lateral to radial groove Distal -heads converge and insert into olecranon of ulna

Question 36

Coronoid process is part of which forearm bone

Answer 36

Ulna

Question 37

Function of triceps brachii

Answer 37

Extend forearm

Question 38

What other muscle extends the forearm apart from triceps brachii

Answer 38

Anconeus (very small)

Question 39

Radial nerve arises from which cord of the brachial plexus

Answer 39

Posterior

Question 40

Roots of radial nerve

Answer 40

C5-T1

Question 41

Radial nerve innervates...

Answer 41

``` Posterior arm (triceps brachii + anconeus) Posterior forearm ```

Question 42

Course of radial nerve

Answer 42

Exits the axilla and runs down arm in the radial groove of the humerus, alongside the profunda femoris To enter the forearm, it travels anterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, through the cubital fossa

Question 43

Radial nerve is usually damaged due to a fracture where

Answer 43

Midshaft humerus where radial groove is

Question 44

What group of muscles will be affected in a mid shaft humeral fracture

Answer 44

Extensors of the arm + forearm

Question 45

Characteristic clinical sign of radial nerve injury

Answer 45

Wrist drop - because no longer able to extend the wrist and fingers so flexion is unopposed

Question 46

Elbow joint is what type of joint

Answer 46

Synovial hinge

Question 47

Articular parts of the elbow joint

Answer 47

Capitulum of humerus with head of radius Trochlea of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna Coronoid fossa Olecranon fossa

Question 48

The joint capsule of the elbow joint thickens on the medial and lateral aspects to form what ligaments Not thickened on anterior/posterior aspect to allow for movement

Answer 48

Medial collateral | Lateral collateral

Question 49

What ligament forms a collar around and holds the head of the radius

Answer 49

Anular ligament

Question 50

What subcutaneous structure in the elbow is prone to injury from falls or repeated excessive pressure

Answer 50

Bursa --> bursitis

Question 51

What type of joints are the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

Answer 51

Synovial pivot

Question 52

What movement occurs at the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

Answer 52

Supination | Pronation

Question 53

Muscles that pronate the forearm (2)

Answer 53

Muscles on anterior forearm - pronator teres - pronator quadratus - MOST POWERFUL

Question 54

Muscles that supinate the forearm (2)

Answer 54

Muscles on posterior forearm - supinator - MOST POWERFUL - biceps brachii