Lower Limb Flashcards by Trisha Labadlabad

Anatomy: Calcaneus
Projections/Positions

-Axial Projection (Plantodorsal)
-Axial Projection (Dorsoplantar)
-Lilienfeld Method Weight-Bearing Coalition Dorsoplantar Axial Projection
-Lateral Projection (Mediolateral)
-Weight-Bearing Method (Lateromedial) Oblique Projection

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Anatomy: Calcaneus
Central Ray for axial projection (plantodorsal)

Entrance: 3rd MT base
Angulation: 40° cephalad

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Anatomy: Calcaneus
What projection that will show the calcaneus and subtalar joint?

Axial Projection (Plantodorsal)

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Anatomy: Calcaneus
In axial projection (plantodorsal), the leg is ___, ____ foot with strip of gauze, and foot ____ to IR.

fully extended, dorsiflex, perpendicular

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Anatomy: Calcaneus
What is the central ray for Axial Projection (dorsoplantar)

Entrance: Dorsal surface of ankle joint Angulation: 40° caudad

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Anatomy: Calcaneus
What projection will best show the calcaneus, subtalar joint &
sustentaculum tali

Axial Projection (dorsoplantar)

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Anatomy: Calcaneus
Axial projection (dorsoplantar)

____
Part Position:
Ankle ____
____ ankle
foot ___ to IR
IR ___

prone, elevated, dorsiflex, perpendicular, vertical

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Anatomy: Calcaneus
What is the central ray for Lilienfeld Method Weight-Bearin g Coalition Dorsoplantar Axial Projection

Entrance: Level of 5* MT base
Angulation: 45° anteriorly

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Anatomy: Calcaneus
What projection will show the Calcaneotalar coalition

Lilienfeld Method Weight-Bearin g Coalition Dorsoplantar Axial Projection

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Anatomy: Calcaneus
Lilienfeld Method Weight-Bearing Coalition Dorsoplantar Axial Projection

Upright
Part Position:
Posterior surface of heel at ____ of IR
opposite foot one
step ___

edge, forward

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Anatomy: Calcaneus
Central ray for Lateral Projection (Mediolateral)

Entrance: 1 in distal to medial malleolus Angulation: Perpendicular

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Anatomy: Calcaneus
What projection will show the Calcaneus & ankle joint

Lateral Projection (mediolateral)

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Anatomy: Calcaneus
Lateral Projection (mediolateral)

-___
Part Position:
- Patient turn toward ____ side
- plantar surface ___ to IR

Supine, affected, parallel

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Anatomy: Calcaneus

Central ray for Weight Bearing Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection

Entrance: Lateral malleolus
Angulation: 45° caudad (medialy)

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Useful in diagnosing stress fractures of calcaneus or tuberosity

Weight Bearing Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection

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Anatomy: Calcaneus
What projection will show the Calcaneal tuberosity

Weight Bearing Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection

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Anatomy: Calcaneus

Weight Bearing Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection

___
Part Position:
Leg ____ to IR
calcaneus ___ to IR

Upright, perpendicular, center

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Anatomy: Subtalar Joint
Projections/ Positions

-Isherwood Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Foot)

-Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Ankle)

-Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation Ankle)

-Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

-Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

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Anatomy: Subtalar Joint
Central Ray for Isherwood Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Foot)

Entrance: 1 in. distal & 1 in. anterior to lateral malleolus
Angulation: perpendicular

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Anatomy: Subtalar Joint
What projection will show the Anterior subtalar articulation

Isherwood Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Foot)

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Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

Isherwood Method Lateromedial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Foot)

____
Part Position:
foot & leg rotated ___
knee flexed

semi supine, 45° medially

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Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

Central Ray for Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Ankle)

Entrance: 1 in. distal & 1 in. anterior to lateral malleolus
Angulation: 10° cephalad

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Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

What projection will show the Middle subtalar articulation &
“end on” projection of sinus tarsi

Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Ankle)

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Anatomy: Subtalar Joint

Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation Ankle)

Seated or semi-lateral
recumbent (more
comfortable)
Part Position:
Leg, foot & ankle rotated ____
dorsiflex foot

30° medially

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Anatomy: Subtalar Joint Central ray for Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation Ankle)

Entrance: 1 in. distal medial malleolus Angulation: 10° cephalad

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint What projection will show the Posterior subtalar articulation

Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation Ankle)

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint Isherwood Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation Ankle) - Supine/seated Part Position: - Leg, foot & ankle rotated ____ - dorsiflex foot

30° laterally

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint Central ray for Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

Entrance: 2-3 cm to lateral malleolus Angulation: 10°, 20°, 30°г 40° cephalad

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint What projection will show the - Posterior articulation - Anterior portion (40°) - Posterior portion (10°) - Talus & sustentaculum tali articulation (20-30°)

Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) - Supine Part Position: - leg & foot rotated ____ - dorsiflex foot - foot rested against ___ foam wedge

45° medially, 45°

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint Central Ray for Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

Entrance: 2 cm distal & 2 cm anterior to medial malleolus Angulation: 15° cephalad

Anatomy: Subtalar joint What projection will show the Posterior articulation

Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

Anatomy: Subtalar Joint Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation) - Supine Part Position: - Leg & foot rotated ___ - dorsiflex foot - foot rested against ____ foam wedge

45° laterally, 45°

This projection is to determine the presence of joint involvement in cases of comminuted fx

Broden Method AP Axial Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

Anatomy: Ankle Projections/ Positions

-AP Projection -Lateral Projection Mediolateral -Lateral Projection Lateromedial -AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) -AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation) -Stress Method AP Projection -Weight Bearing Method AP Projection

Anatomy: Ankle Central Ray for AP Projection

Entrance: Point midway between malleoli Angulation: Perpendicular to ankle joint

Anatomy: Ankle What projection will show the ankle joint & tibiotalar joint space

Ap Projection

Anatomy: ankle Ap Projection - Supine Part Position: - Leg & foot vertical & rotated ___ (places malleoli equidistant)

5° medially

Anatomy: ankle Central Ray for Lateral Projection Mediolateral

Entrance: Medial malleolus Angulation: Perpendicular to ankle joint

Anatomy: ankle What projection will show the - True lateral projection of lower third of tibia & fibula, ankle joint & tarsals - 5th metatarsal base (identify Jones fx)

Lateral Projection Mediolateral

Anatomy: ankle joint Lateral Projection Mediolateral - Semisupine Part Position: - ___ surface of foot against IR - dorsiflex foot

Lateral

Anatomy: ankle Central Ray for Lateral Projection Lateromedial

Entrance: 0.5 in. superior to lateral malleolus Angulation: Perpendicular to ankle joint

Anatomy: ankle What projection will show the - Lateral projection of lower third of tibia & fibula, ankle joint & tarsals

Lateral Projection Lateromedial

Anatomy: ankle Lateral Projection Lateromedial - Semisupine Part Position: - ___ surface of foot against IR - dorsiflex foot

Medial

Anatomy: ankle Central Ray for AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

Entrance: Point midway between malleoli Angulation: Perpendicular to ankle joint

Anatomy: ankle What projection will show - Distal ends of tibia, fibula & talus; tibiofibular articulation; mortise joints

AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

Anatomy: ankle AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) - Supine Part Position: - Leg & foot rotated ___; ___[foot - to demonstrate bony structure - Leg & foot rotated ___ medially; intermalleolar line ____ to IR - to demonstrate mortise joint

45° medially, dorsiflex, 15-20°, parallel

Anatomy: ankle Centtal Ray for AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

Entrance: Point midway between malleoli Angulation: Perpendicular to ankle joint

Anatomy: ankle What projection will show Superior aspect of calcaneus

AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

Anatomy: ankle Purpose: Useful in determining fractures

AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

Anatomy: ankle AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation) - Supine Part Position: - Leg & foot rotated ____ - dorsiflex foot

45° laterally

Anatomy: ankle Central Ray for Stress Method AP Projection

Entrance: Ankle joint Angulation: Perpendicular

Anatomy: ankle What projection that will evaluate the presence of ligamentous tear & joint separation

Stress Method AP Projection

Anatomy: ankle Stress Method AP Projection - ___ Part Position: - Foot forcibly turned toward the opposite side -____ stress to joint

Seated, inversion & eversion

Anatomy: Ankle Central Ray for Weight Bearing Method AP Projection

Entrance: Midway at level of ankle joint Angulation: Horizontal

Anatomy: ankle Weight Bearing Method AP Projection - ___ Part Position: - ___ against the IR; IR ___ - toes pointing toward the ___

Upright, Heels, vertical, x-ray tube

Purpose: Identify ankle joint space narrowing; side-to-side comparison of joint

Weight Bearing Method AP Projection

Anatomy: Leg Projections/ Positions

AP Projection Lateral Projection Mediolateral AP Oblique Projection

Anatomy: Leg Central Ray for AP Projection

Entrance: Midshaft Angulation: Perpendicular

Anatomy: Leg What projection will show the - Tibia & fibula - ankle & knee joints

AP Projection, Lateral Projection Mediolateral, AP Oblique Projection

Anatomy: Leg AP Projection - ___ Part Position: - Femoral condyles ___ to IR; foot in vertical position

Supine, parallel

Anatomy: Leg Central Ray for Lateral Projection Mediolateral

Entrance: Midshaft Angulation: Perpendicular

Anatomy: Leg Lateral Projection Mediolateral - ___ Part Position: - Patella ____ to IR - femoral condyles __ to IR

Supine; RPO/LPO, perpendicular, perpendicular

Anatomy: Leg Central Ray for AP Oblique Projection

Entrance: Midshaft Angulation: Perpendicular

Anatomy: Leg AP Oblique Projection - ___ Part Position: - Leg & foot rotated ___

Supine, 45° medially or laterally

Anatomy: Knee Projections/ Positions

•AP Projection •PA Projection •Lateral Projection Mediolateral •AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) •AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation) •Weight-Bearin g Method AP Bilateral Projection Leach-Gregg- Siber •Rosenberg Method PA Weight-Bearin g Standing Flexion

Anatomy: Knee Central ray for AP Projection

Entrance: 0.5 in. inferior to patellar apex Angulation:dependin g on the measurement between ASIS & table top - 3-5°caudad (<19 cm; thin pelvis) - perpendicular (19-24 cm) - 3-5°cephalad (>24 cm; large pelvis)

Anatomy: Knee What projection will show the knee joint space

AP Projection PA Projection Lateral Projection Mediolateral Weight-Bearin g Method AP Bilateral Projection Leach-Gregg- Siber

Anatomy: Knee AP Projection - ___ Part Position: - Femoral epicondyles ___ to IR - leg ____ (places interepicondylar line parallel to IR)

Supine, parallel, 5° inward

Anatomy: Knee Central Ray for PA Projection

Entrance: 0.5 in. inferior to patellar apex Angulation: 5-7°caudad

Anatomy: Knee PA Projection - ___ Part Position: - femoral epicondyles ___ to IR - leg ___ (places interepicondylar line parallel to IR)

Prone, parallel, 5 degree inward

Anatomy: Knee Central Ray for Lateral Projection Mediolateral

Entrance: 1 in. distal to medial epicondyle Angulation: 5-7° cephalad

Anatomy: Knee Lateral Projection Mediolateral - ____ Part Position: - Knee flexed ____ (relax muscle & shows maximum volume of joint cavity) or flexed <10° (for new or unhealed patellar fx) - femoral epicondyles ____ to IR

Lateral recumbent, 20-30°, perpendicular

Anatomy: Knee Central Ray for AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

Entrance: 0.5 in. inferior to patellar apex Angulation: depending on the measurement between ASIS & table top - 3-5°caudad (<19 cm) - Perpendicular (19-24 cm) - 3-5°cephalad (>24 cm)

Anatomy: Knee What projection will show the Proximal tibiofibular joint; fibular head

AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

Anatomy: Knee AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) - ___ Part Position: - leg rotated ____ - hip of affected side ___

Supine, 45° medially, elevated

Anatomy: Knee Central Ray for AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

Entrance: 0.5 in inferior to patellar apex Angulation: 5o cephalad

Anatomy: Knee What projection will show the - Tibial plateaus - medial femoral & tibial condyles

AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

Anatomy: Knee AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation) - ___ Part Position: - Leg rotated ___ - hip of ____ side elevated

Supine, 45° medially, unaffected

Anatomy: Knee Central Ray for Weight-Bearin g Method AP Bilateral Projection Leach-Gregg- Siber

Entrance: 0.5 in. inferior to patellar apex Angulation: Horizontal

Purpose: - To reveal narrowing of knee joint space - To evaluate varus & valgus deformities & degenerative joint disease

Weight-Bearin g Method AP Bilateral Projection Leach-Gregg- Siber

Anatomy: Knee Weight-Bearin g Method AP Bilateral Projection Leach-Gregg- Siber - ___ Part Position: - Knee fully ___ - weight equally distributed on both feet - IR ___

Upright, extended, vertical

Anatomy: Knee Central Ray for Rosenberg Method PA Weight-Bearin g Standing Flexion

Entrance: 0.5 in. inferior to patellar apex Angulation: Horizontal or 10° caudad

Purpose: Useful for evaluating joint space narrowing & demonstrating articular cartilage disease

Rosenberg Method PA Weight-Bearin g Standing Flexion

Anatomy: Knee Rosenberg Method PA Weight-Bearin g Standing Flexion - ____ Part Position: - Facing vertical IR - anterior surface of flexed knee against IR - femur ____ to IR

Upright, 45°

Anatomy: Intercondylar Fossa Projections/ Positions

•Holmblad Method PA Axial Projection Tunnel View •Camp-Coventr y Method PA Axial Projection •Beclere Method AP Axial Projection

Anatomy: Intercondylar Fossa Central Ray for Holmblad Method PA Axial Projection Tunnel View

Entrance: Popliteal depression Angulation: Perpendicular

Anatomy: Intercondylar Fossa Holmblad Method PA Axial Projection Tunnel View Part Position: - Anterior surface of knee against IR; knee ____ from IR (20° dierence from CR)

60-70°

Anatomy: Intercondylar Fossa Central Ray for Camp-Coventry Method PA Axial Projection

Entrance: Popliteal depression Angulation: 40° (knee flexed 40o) or 50° (knee flexed 50°) caudally

Anatomy: Popliteal depression Camp-Coventry Method PA Axial Projection - ___ Part Position: - Knee flexed ___ from IR - femur against IR - with support under foot

Prone, 40-50°

Anatomy: Intercondylar Fossa Central Ray for Beclere Method AP Axial Projection

Entrance: 0.5 in. inferior to patellar apex Angulation: Perpendicular to long axis of lower leg

Anatomy: Intercondylar Fossa What projection will show the - Intercondylar fossa, intercondylar eminence, knee joint & tibial plateau

Beclere Method AP Axial Projection

Anatomy: Intercondylar fossa Beclere Method AP Axial Projection - ___ Part Position: - Knee flexed - femur ___ to long axis of tibia - curved cassette

Supine, 60°

Purpose: - To detect loose bodies "joint mice - To evaluate split & displaced cartilage in osteochondritis - To evaluate flattening or underdevelopment of lateral femoral condyles in congenital slipped patella

Camp-Coventr y Method PA Axial Projection

Anatomy: Patella Positions/ Projections

•PA Projection •PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) •PA Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation) •Hughston Method (Tangential Projection) •Merchant Method (Tangential Projection) •Settegast Method (Tangential Projection) •Sunrise Method (Tangential Projection) Mountain/Skyl ine View

Anatomy: Patella Central Ray for PA Projection

- Perpendicular to the mid popliteal area exiting the patella

Anatomy: Patella What projection that will show medial portion of patella free of femur

PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

_____ projection of the patella provides sharper recorded detail than in the AP projection because of a closer object-to-image receptor distance (aID)

Anatomy: Patella PA Projection -___ Part Position: - Center the IR to the patella. - Adjust the position of the leg to place the patella parallel with the plane of the IR. This usually requires that the heel be rotated _____

Prone, 5 to 10 degrees laterally

Anatomy: Patella Central Ray for PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

Entrance: Patella Angulation: Perpendicular

Anatomy: Patella PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) -___ Part Position: - Knee flexed ____; knee ____

Prone, 5-10°, 45-55° medially

Anatomy: Patella Central ray for PA Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

Entrance: Patella Angulation: Perpendicular

Anatomy: Patella What projection that will show the Lateral portion of patella free of femur

PA Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

Anatomy: Patella PA Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation) - ___ Part Position: - Knee flexed ___; knee ____

Prone, 5-10°, 45-55° laterally

Anatomy: Patella Central Ray for Hughston Method (Tangential Projection)

Entrance: Patellofemoral joint Angulation: 45° cephalad

Anatomy: Patella What projection that will show the Patella; patellofemoral joint

Hughston Method (Tangential Projection) Settegast Method (Tangential Projection)

Purpose: - To demonstrate subluxation of patella & patellar fx - It allows assessment of femoral condyles

Hughston Method (Tangential Projection)

Anatomy: Patella Hughston Method (Tangential Projection) _____ Part Position: - Anterior surface of knee against IR; knee flexed _____; foot rested against collimator/support

Prone, 50-60°

Anatomy: Patella Central Ray for Merchant Method (Tangential Projection)

Entrance: Midway between patellae at level of patellofemoral joint Angulation: 30° caudad from horizontal

Anatomy: Patella What projection that will show the Femoral condyle; intercondylar sulcus & magnified non distorted patellae

Merchant Method (Tangential Projection)

Anatomy: Patella Merchant Method (Tangential Projection) -__ Part Position: - Both knee flexed ____ or between ___(to demonstrate various patellar disorders) - IR resting on patient's shins; uses IR holding device & axial viewer device

Supine, 40, 30-90°

Anatomy: Patella Central ray of Settegast Method (Tangential Projection)

Entrance: Joint space between patella & femoral condyles Angulation: - Perpendicular (if joint is perpendicular); - 15-20 cephalad (if joint isn't perpendicular) - Angulation depends on knee flexion

Disadvantage: extreme flexion Purpose: - Useful for demonstrating vertical & transverse fx of patella - Useful for investigating articulating surfaces of patellofemoral articulation

Settegast Method (Tangential Projection)

Anatomy: Patella Settegast Method (Tangential Projection) - ____ (preferable); Part Position: - Knee acutely flexed until patella perpendicular to IR - loop bandage around ankle or foot to hold the leg in position

Supine or prone

Anatomy: Patella Central Ray for Sunrise Method (Tangential Projection) Mountain/Skyl ine View

Entrance: Patellofemoral joint Angulation: 30° from horizontal

Purpose: - Joint space between patella & femoral condyles

Sunrise Method (Tangential Projection) Mountain/Skyl ine View

Anatomy: Patella Sunrise Method (Tangential Projection) Mountain/Skyline View -____ Part Position: - Knee flexed ___

Supine/Sitting, 40-45°

Anatomy: Toes Projections/Positions

•AP/AP Axial Projection •PA Projection •AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) •AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation) •PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) •Lateral Projection (Lateromedial/ Mediolateral)

Anatomy: Toes Central Ray of AP/AP Axial Projection

Perpendicular or 15° posteriorly entering the 3rd MTP joint

Anatomy: Toes What projection that shows the Phalanges & distal portion of metatarsals

AP/AP Axial Projection

Anatomy: Toes AP/AP Axial Projection -____ Part Position: - Knee flexed; ____ foam wedge under foot

Supine/Seated, 15 degrees

Anatomy: Toes Central Ray for PA Projection

- Perpendicular to 3rd MTP joint

Anatomy: Toes Structures shown: IP joint spaces are well visualized

PA Projection

Anatomy: Toes PA Projection Patient Position: - ____ (IP joints parallel to Central Ray Angulation); dorsal aspect against IR

Prone

Anatomy: Toes Central Ray for AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

Perpendicular to 3rd MTP joint

Anatomy: Toes Structures shown: - 2nd-5th MTP joint spaces; - 1st-2nd toes - 1st (not always opened)

AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

Anatomy: Anatomy Toes AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) - ____ Part Position: - Knee flexed; lower leg & foot rotated medially ____

Supine/seated, 30-45°

Anatomy: Toes Central Ray for AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

Perpendicular to 3rd MTP joint

Anatomy: Toes Structures shown: 4th-5th toes

AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation)

Anatomy: Toes AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation) - ____ Part Position: - Knee flexed; lower leg & foot rotated ____

Supine/seated, laterally 30-45°

Anatomy: Toes Central Ray for PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

- Perpendicular to the MTJ

Anatomy: Toes Structures Shown: - Toes and the distal portion of the metatarsals rotated laterally - 2nd through 5th MTJ - 1st (not always opened)

PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation)

Anatomy: Toes PA Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) - ____ Part Position: - Ball of the foot forms an angle of approximately ___ to the horizontal, or have the patient rest the foot against a foam wedge or sandbag. - Center the IR half to the third ___, and adjust it so that its midline is parallel with the long axis of the foot.

Lateral recumbent, 30°, MTJ

Anatomy: Toes Central Ray for Lateral Projection (Latermedial/ Mediolateral)

- Perpendicular to (IP) joint of great toe - Perpendicular to proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of aected toe (2nd - 5th)

Anatomy: Toes Structures Shown: Lateral projection of the phalanges of the toe and IP articulations free of other toes

Lateral Projection (Latermedial/ Mediolateral)

Anatomy: Toes Lateral Projection (Latermedial/ Mediolateral) ________

Lateral recumbent

Anatomy: Sesamoid Projections/ Positions

Lewis Method (Tangential Projection) Holly Method (Tangential Projection) Causton Method (Tangential Projection)

Anatomy: Sesamoid Central Ray for Lewis Method (Tangential Projection)

Perpendicular and tangential to 1st MTP joint

Anatomy: Sesamoid Structures shown: Tangential projection of the metatarsal head in profile and the sesamoids

Lewis Method (Tangential Projection) Holly Method (Tangential Projection)

Anatomy: Sesamoid Lewis Method (Tangential Projection) - ______ (uncomfortable and often painful) Part Position: - Dorsiflex and rest great toe on table - Ball of foot perpendicular to the horizontal place - Plantar surface of foot forms about ____ angle from vertical - Elevate ____ ankle on sandbags (if needed) - IR centered to ___

Prone, 15°-20°, affected, 2nd metatarsal

Anatomy: Sesamoid Central Ray for Holly Method (Tangential Projection)

Perpendicular and tangential to 1st MTP joint

Anatomy: Sesamoid Holly Method (Tangential Projection) - ____ (more comfortable for the patient) - Elevate affected ankle on sandbags (if needed) Part Position: - Dorsiflex and rest great toe on table - Adjust foot so that medial border is vertical - Plantar surface form an angle of ____ with plane of film

Seated, 75 degrees

Anatomy: Sesamoid Central Ray for Causton Method (Tangential Projection)

Prominence of the MTJ at 40° toward the heel

Anatomy: Sesamoid Structures Shown: - Sesamoid bones projected axiolaterally with a slight overlap

Causton Method (Tangential Projection)

Anatomy: Sesamoid Causton Method (Tangential Projection) - ____ on unaffected side Part Position: - Limb partially extended - Foot in ____ position - First MTJ perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the IR

Lateral recumbent, lateral

Lower Limb Flashcards

(145 cards)