Lower Limb

Question 1

When the knee is flexed, hip flexion is limited by the?

Answer 1

Anterior abdominal wall

Question 2

When the knee is extended, hip flexion is limited by

Answer 2

tension of the hamstring

Question 3

Hip extension is limited by the

Answer 3

Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments

Question 4

Hip abduction is limited by the tension of the

Answer 4

Pubofemoral ligament

Question 5

Hip adduction is limited by the

Answer 5

Opposite limb and Ligament of the head of femur

Question 6

Hip lateral rotation is limited by the

Answer 6

Iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments

Question 7

Hip medial rotation is limited by the

Answer 7

Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 8

Innervation of the gluteus maximus

Answer 8

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 9

Innervation of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Answer 9

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 10

Innervation of the tensor fasciae latae

Answer 10

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 11

Innervation of the piriformis

Answer 11

1st and 2nd sacral nerve (nerve to piriformis)

Question 12

Innervation of the obturator internus

Answer 12

Sacral plexus (nerve to obturator internus)

Question 13

Innervation of the superior and inferior gemellus

Answer 13

Sacral plexus
Superior - nerve to obturator internus
Inferior - nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 14

Innervation of the quadratus femoris

Answer 14

Sacral plexus (nerve to quadratus femoris)

Question 15

Innervation of the sartorius

Answer 15

Femoral nerve

Question 16

Innervation of the iliacus

Answer 16

Femoral nerve

Question 17

Innervation of the psoas

Answer 17

Lumbar plexus

Question 18

Innervation of the pectineus

Answer 18

Femoral nerve

Question 19

Innervation of the quadriceps femoris

Answer 19

Femoral nerve

Question 20

Which of the quadriceps both extends the leg and flexes the thigh

Answer 20

Rectus femoris

Question 21

The only muscle of the anterior thigh NOT innervated by the femoral nerve (accdg to Snell Table)

Answer 21

Psoas

Question 22

Innervation of gracilis

Answer 22

Obturator nerve

Question 23

Innervation of adductor longus and adductor brevis

Answer 23

Obturator nerve

Question 24

Innervation of adductor magnus

Answer 24

Adductor portion - obturator nerve

Hamstring portion - sciatic nerve

Question 25

Innervation of the obturator externus

Answer 25

Obturator nerve

Question 26

Innervation of the biceps femoris

Answer 26

Long head - tibial portion of sciatic nerve | Short head - common peroneal portion of the sciatic nerve

Question 27

Innervation of semitendinosus and semimembranosus

Answer 27

Tibial portion of sciatic nerve

Question 28

Innervation of tibialis anterior

Answer 28

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 29

Innervation of extensor digitorum longus and brevis

Answer 29

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 30

Innervation of peroneus tertius

Answer 30

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 31

Innervation of extensor hallucis longus

Answer 31

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 32

Innervation of peroneus longus

Answer 32

Superficial peroneal nerve

Question 33

Innervation of peroneus brevis

Answer 33

Superficial peroneal nerve

Question 34

Innervation of the gastrocnemius and soleus

Answer 34

Tibial nerve

Question 35

Innervation of the plantaris

Answer 35

Tibial nerve

Question 36

Innervation of the popliteus

Answer 36

Tibial nerve

Question 37

Innervation of the flexor digitorum longus

Answer 37

Tibial nerve

Question 38

Innervation of the flexor hallucis longus

Answer 38

Tibial nerve

Question 39

Innervation of the tibialis posterior

Answer 39

Tibial nerve

Question 40

All lymph vessels of the lower limb ultimately drain to the?

Answer 40

Deep inguinal group of nodes

Question 41

Which knee meniscus is relatively immobile due to its attachment to the collateral ligament?

Answer 41

Medial Meniscus

Question 42

This structure provides an exit from the pelvis to the gluteal region

Answer 42

Greater sciatic foramen

Question 43

This structure provides an entrance to the perineum from the gluteal region

Answer 43

Lesser sciatic foramen

Question 44

Structures that pass through the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 44

Piriformis Sciatic Nerve ``` Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh Superior and inferior gluteal nerve Nerve to obturator internus and quadratus femoris Pudendal nerve Superior and inferior gluteal vessels Internal pudendal vessels ```

Question 45

Structures that pass through the lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 45

Tendon of obturator internus Nerve to obturator internus Pudendal Nerve Internal pudendal artery and vein

Question 46

What muscle tilts the pelvis to allow the contralateral leg to clear the ground

Answer 46

Gluteus medius or Gluteus minimus

Question 47

An acute ankle sprain from excessive eversion of the foot will damage which ligament

Answer 47

Medial Ligament or Deltoid Ligament

Question 48

An acute ankle sprain from excessive inversion of the foot with plantarflexion will damage which ligament

Answer 48

Anterior Talofibular Ligament and Calcaneofibular ligament

Question 49

The femoral nerve arises from which segment of the spinal cord

Answer 49

Lumbar plexus L2 L3 L4

Question 50

The obturator nerve arises from which part of the spinal cord

Answer 50

Lumbar plexus L2 L3 L4

Question 51

This nerve appears below the piriformis muscle?

Answer 51

Sciatic Nerve

Question 52

The sciatic nerve arises from which part of the spinal cord?

Answer 52

Sacral Plexus L4 L5 S1 S2 S3

Question 53

The femoral sheath is composed of which fascia anteriorly and posteriorly?

Answer 53

Anterior - fascia transversalis | Posterior - fascia iliaca

Question 54

The femoral sheath surrounds vessels and lymphatics. How are they arranged from lateral to medial?

Answer 54

Artery, Vein, Nerve

Question 55

Compare and contrast biceps femoris long and short head in terms of OIAN

Answer 55

Origin and Insertion Long - Ischial tuberosity to head of fibula, Short - linea aspera and lateral supracondylar ridge of shaft of femur to head of fibula Action Both - Flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee Long - extend thigh at hip Innervation Long - tibial portion of sciatic Short - common peroneal portion of sciatic

Question 56

Actions of the sartorius muscle?

Answer 56

Hip - flexion, abduction, lateral rotation of thigh | Knee - Flexion, medial rotation of leg

Question 57

Which thigh flexor also adducts the thigh?

Answer 57

Pectineus

Question 58

Where should you inject medications in the gluteus maximus in order to avoid sciatic nerve injury?

Answer 58

Upper Outer Quadrant

Question 59

This muscle extends the thigh when standing up from the sitting position

Answer 59

Gluteus maximus

Question 60

What muscle flexes the thigh on the trunk, and if thigh is fixed, it flexes the trunk on the thigh as in sitting up from lying down?

Answer 60

Psoas

Question 61

Lateral and medial border of femoral triangle

Answer 61

Lateral - sartorius | Medial - adductor longus

Question 62

What ligament prevents the dislocation of the femur posteriorly at the knee joint?

Answer 62

Anterior cruciate

Question 63

What ligament prevents the dislocation of the femur anteriorly at the knee joint?

Answer 63

Posterior cruciate

Question 64

What ligament is firmly attached to the edge of the medial meniscus?

Answer 64

Medial collateral

Question 65

Forced abduction of the tibia on the femur can result in partial tearing of which ligament?

Answer 65

Medial collateral

Question 66

What is the only tarsal bone which articulates with the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint?

Answer 66

Talus

Question 67

The tuberosity of what bone can be felt on the medial border of the foot 2.5 cm in front and below the medial malleolus?

Answer 67

Navicular

Question 68

A deep groove in the inferior aspect of this bone holds the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle.

Answer 68

Cuboid

Question 69

The wedge shape of this bone contributes greatly to the formation and maintenance of the transverse arch of the foot?

Answer 69

Cuneiform

Question 70

This arch of the foot consists of the bases of the metatarsal bones, the cuboid, and the three cuneiform bones?

Answer 70

Transverse arch

Question 71

This arch of the foot consists of the calcaneum, talus, navicular, three cuneiform bones, and the first three metatarsal bones?

Answer 71

Medial longitudinal arch

Question 72

This arch of the foot consists of the calcaneum, cuboid, and the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones?

Answer 72

Lateral longitudinal arch

Question 73

Which group of muscles forms the first layer of the foot?

Answer 73

Abductor hallucis, | flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi

Question 74

Which group of muscles forms the second layer of the foot?

Answer 74

Quadratus plantae, lumbricals, flexor digitorum longus tendon, flexor hallucis longus tendon

Question 75

Which group of muscles forms the third layer of the the foot?

Answer 75

Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 76

Which group of muscles forms the fourth layer of the foot?

Answer 76

Interossei, peroneus longus tendon, tibialis posterior tendon

Question 77

The dorsalis pedis artery is a terminal branch of what larger artery?

Answer 77

Anterior tibial artery

Question 78

The pulsations of the dorsalis pedis artery can be felt between the tendons of which two muscles?

Answer 78

Extensor hallucis longus and Extensor digitorum longus