Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
Structure that divides the pelvis into false and true pelvis
A
Pelvic Brim
2
Q
Structure passing through greater sciatic foramen
A
Sciatic nerve, pudendal nerve, gluteal nerves and vessels
3
Q
Structure passing through lesser sciatic foramen
A
Pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels
4
Q
Long, narrow, oval shaped pelvis
A
Anthropoid
5
Q
Wide pekvis flattened at the brim with sacral promontory pushed forward
A
Platypelloid
6
Q
Structures dividing sciatic notches to greater and lesser sciatic foramina
A
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
7
Q
Components of pelvic diaphragm
A
Levator ani and coccygeus
8
Q
Components of levator ani
A
Levator prostatae or sphincter vaginae
Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus
9
Q
Small fibrous mass between tip of coccyx and anal canal, where pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus insert?
A
Anococcygeal body
10
Q
Muscle which forms a sling around the junction of the rectum and anal canal
A
Puborectalis
11
Q
Innervation of levator ani
A
Perineal branch of S4
Perineal branch of pudendal nerve
12
Q
Forcible contraction of the sartorius muscle in athletes may damage which pelvic structure
A
ASIS
13
Q
Forcible contraction of the rectus femoris muscle may damage which pelvic structure?
A
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
14
Q
Forcible contraction of hamstring muscles may avulse this pelvic structure
A
Ischial tuberosity
15
Q
Major source of bleeding in massive hemorrhage associated with pelvic fractures
A
Internal Iliac Veins and tributaries
16
Q
TRUE OR FALSE. During defacation, the levator ani and puborectalis relax with the anal sphincters.
A
FALSE. Only puborectalis and sphincters relax. Levator ani continues to contract to support pelvic viscera
17
Q
Contraction of the puborectalis helps maintain continence by pulling the anorectal junction to what direction
A
Upward and forward
18
Q
The sacral plexus lies on the posterior pelvic wall in front of which muscle?
A
Piriformis
19
Q
The lumbosacral trunk is formed from which spinal nerves
A
L4 L5
20
Q
Where does the common iliac artery divide into internal and external iliac artery?
A
Pelvic inlet in front of sacroiliac joint
21
Q
Branches of external iliac artery
A
Inferior Epigastric artery
Deep circumflex iliac artery
Femoral artery (under inguinal ligament)
22
Q
Arteries which enter the pelvic cavity
A
Internal iliac artery
Superior rectal artery
Ovarian artery (NOT TESTICULAR kasi inguinal canal iyon)
Median Sacral Artery
23
Q
Branches of the internal iliac artery
A
Anterior Division Umbilical artery Obturator artery Inferior vesical artery Middle rectal artery Internal pudendal artery Inferior gluteal artery Uterine artery Vaginal artery
Posterior
Iliolumbar artery
Lateral sacral artery
Superior gluteal artery
24
Q
The superior vesical artery arises from which artery
A
Umbilical artery
25
The artery to the vas deferens arises from which artery
Inferior vesical artery
26
The uterine artery crosses the ureter. What is the relationship of the two?
Uterine artery crosses the ureter superiorly
27
The ovarian artery arises from what level of the abdominal aorta
L1
28
This divides the true pelvis into the main pelvic cavity and the perineum
Pelvic Diaphragm
29
The rectum begins in front of which vertebra?
S3
30
Which surfaces of the rectum are covered by peritoneum?
Anterior and lateral of first 1/3
| Anterior middle third
31
Two or three semicircular permanent folds in the rectum
Transverse Folds/Valves of Houston
32
Blood supply of rectum?
Superior, Middle, and Inferior Rectal artery/vein
33
Lymph drainage of rectum?
Pararectal nodes -- inferior mesenteric nodes
| Lower rectum: Internal iliac nodes
34
Internal hemorrhoids are mainly from which set of rectal vessels?
Superior rectal artery/vein
35
TRUE OR FALSE: The urinary bladder, when empty lies entirely within the pelvic cavity?
FALSE: In adult, yes. In child, no
36
What connects the urinary bladder to the umbilicus?
Median umbilical Ligament
37
The median umbilical ligament is the remnant of which embryonic structure
Urachus
38
The ureters pierce the bladder on which surface?
Superolateral
39
Area of mucous membrane covering the internal surface of the base of the bladder, where mucous membrane is always smooth even on an empty bladder
Trigone
40
The three angles of the bladder trigone compose of?
Superior 2 - ureters
| Inferior- internal urethral orifice
41
Muscular ridge which runs from the opening of one ureter to that of the other?
Interureteric ridge
42
Small elevation situated immediately behind the urethral orifice, produced by the underlying median lobe of the prostate
Uvula vesicae
43
Muscular coat of the bladder composed of smooth muscle, arranged as three layers of interlacing bundles known as
Detrusor Muscle
44
Blood supply of urinary bladder
Superior and inferior vesical artery
| Vesical venous plexus
45
Lymph drainage of urinary bladder
Internal and external iliac nodes
46
Sympathetic nerves action on the muscles of the bladder?
Inhibitcontraction of detrusor
| Stimulate closure of sphincter vesicae
47
Parasympathetic nerves action on the muscles of the bladder?
Stimulate contraction of the detrusor muscle of the bladder wall
Inhibit sphincter vesicae
48
Normal capacity of the adult bladder?
500 mL
49
The ampulla of the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle join to form what structure
Ejaculatory Duct
50
The seminal vesicles are located n which surface of the bladder?
Posterior
51
Blood supply of the seminal vesicles
Inferior vesical and middle rectal artery
| Internal iliac veins
52
The ejaculatory ducts join the urethra onwhich portion?
Prostatic part
53
The prostate is separated from the symphisis pubis by the extraperitoneal fat in the retropubic space known as?
Cave of Retzius
54
What structure separates the anterior surface of the rectal ampulla from the prostate?
Rectovesical septum (Fascia of Denonvilliers)
55
Prostate lobe devoid of glandular tissue
Anterior Lobe
56
Wedge of prostate gland situated between the urethra and ejaculatory ducts
Median/Middle Lobe
57
Prostate lobe situated behind the urethra and below the ejaculatory ducts
Posterior Lobe
58
Lobes of the prostate separated by a shallow vertical groove on the posterior surface of the prostate
Left and Right Lateral Lobes
59
Blood supply of the prostate
Inferior vesical and middle rectal artery
| Prostatic venous plexus
60
Lymph drainage of the prostate
Internal iliac nodes
61
Widest and most dilatable portion of the urethra
Prostatic Urethra
62
Lowest part of the abdominopelvic cavity when patient is in erect position
Rectovesical pouch
63
The mesovarium attaches the ovary to whnat structure
Broad ligament
64
Part of broad ligament extending between the attachment of the mesovarium and the lateral wall of the pelvis is called
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
65
Ligament which connects lateral margin ofuterusto ovary
Round ligament of ovary
66
THe round ligament of the ovary represents the remains of which embryonic structure
Gubernaculum
67
Thin fibrous capsule surrounding ovary
Tunica Albuginea
68
Modified area of peritoneum covering the tunica albuginea
Germinal epithelium
69
The ovarian fossa is bound by which vessels
External iliac vessels above, internal iliac vessels behind
70
Blood supply of ovary
Ovarian artery/Vein
71
Lymph drainage of ovary
Para-aortic nodes
72
FUnnel shaped lateral end of fallopian tube
Infundibulum
73
Widest and narrowest part of fallopian tube
Widest - ampulla
| Narrowest - Isthmus
74
Blood supply of fallopian tube
Uterine artery/vein and ovarian artery/vein
75
Lymph drainage of fallopian tube
Internal Iliac and para-aortic nodes
76
Normal position of uterus
Anteverted and anteflexed
77
Blood supply of uterus
Uterine artery and ovarian artery
| Uterine vein
78
Lymph drainage of uterus
Fundus Para-aortic nodes
Body and cervix - internal and external iliac nodes
few: Superficial ingunal nodes
79
What structure connects the levator ani and the cervix
Pelvic fascia
80
Subperitoneal condensations of pelvic fascia which play an important part in supporting uterus
Cardinal Ligament (Transverse cervical)
PubocervicalLigament
Sacrocervical Ligament
81
TRUE OR FALSE: Upper half of vagina lies above pelvic floor and lower half lies within the perineum
TRUE
82
Vaginal lumen surrounding the cervix
Fornix
83
Blood supply of the vagina
Vaginal artery
| Vaginal branch of uterine artery
84
Lymph drainage of vagina
Upper 3rd - external and internal iliac nodes
Middle 3rd - Internal iliac nodes
Lower 3rd - superficial inguinal nodes
85
Lowest portion of abdominopelvic peritoneal cavity in females
Rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas)
86
THe epoophoron and paroophoron are vestigial structures in the broad ligament which are remnants of which embryonic structure?
Mesonephros
87
Borders of the perineum
Anterior - symphysis pubis
Posterior - Coccyx
Laterally - ischial tuberosities
88
Innervation of skin around the anus
Inferior rectal nerve(hemorrhoidal nerve)
89
Lymph drainage of skin around anal canal
Medial group of superficial inguinal nodes
90
The diamond shaped perineum is divided into two "triangles" which are
Urogenital triangle and anal triangle
91
Structure lateral and posterior to the anal canal
Lateral - ischiorectal fossae
| Posterior - anococcygeal body
92
Vertical folds in the mucous membrane of theanal canal
Anal columns (of Morgagni)
93
The anal columns are joined together at their lower ends by small semilunar folds called
Anal valves
94
Differentiate upper half and lower half of anal canal in terms of embryology, histology, blood supply, innervation, and lymphatic drainage
Embryo: Upper - from hindgut entoderm, Lower - ectoderm of proctodeum
Histo: Upper - Columnar epithelium, with anal columns. Lower - stratified squamous epithelium, no anal columns
Blood supply: Upper - superior rectal artery/vein and portal vein. Lower - inferior rectal artery/vein
Nerve - upper: stretch sensitive only (like rectum) Lower: pain,touch, temperature, stretch
95
Level where upper half and lower half of anal canal meet?
Pectinate line
96
Part of the external anal sphincter attached to bone
Superficial part
| The subcutaneous and deep part have no bony attachments
97
The anorectal ring isfound at the junction between the rectum and anal canal and is formed by which muscles
Deep part of external sphincter
Internal sphincter
puborectalis
98
Contents of ischiorectal fossa
```
Dense fat
Pudendal canal (on the lateral wall) which contains internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
```
99
Branches of the pudendal nerve
Inferior rectal nerve
Dorsal nerve of the penis (or clitoris)
Perineal nerve
100
Branches of the internal pudendal artery
Inferior rectal artery
Branch to the penis
Branch to the labia and clitoris
101
The perineal vessels and nerves enter the perineum through what structure
Lesser sciatic foramen.
They leave pelvis through greater sciatic foramen
102
Piles are another term for which structure?
Internal hemorrhoids
103
The tributaries of the superior rectal vein lie on which position of the anal column, when patient is viewed from the lithotomy position
3 - 7 - 11 o clock
104
Fascia enclosing the erectile tissue of the penis
Buck's fascia
105
The glans penis is continuous with which erectile tissue?
Corpus spongiosum
106
Blood supply of penis
Deep artery of the penis from internal pudendal artery
| Internal pudendal vein
107
Lymph drainage of the penis
Skin - medial group of superficial inguinal nodes
| Deep structures - internal iliac nodes
108
Layers of the scrotum
```
Skin
Dartos Muscle
Colles Fascia
External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric vascia
Internal spermatic fascia
Tunica vaginalis
```
109
Blood supply of scrotum
External pudendal branch of femoral artery/vein
| Scrotal branch of internal pudendal artery/vein
110
Lymph drainage of scrotum
Medial group of superficial inguinal nodes
111
Lymph drainage of testis and epididymis
Para-aortic lymph nodes
112
This muscle compresses the penile part of the urethra and deep dorsal vein of the penis, assisting in emptying urine or semen, and maintaining erection
Bulbospongiosus
113
This muscle compresses the crus penis and assists in erection
Ischiocavernosus
114
Shortest and least dilatable part of the urethra
Membranous part
115
Small glands beneath the sphincter urethrae
Bulbourethral grand
116
Erection of the penis is stimulated by sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves?
Parasympathetic
117
Ejaculation is stimulated by sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves
Parasympathetic
118
Narrowest part of the male urethra
External meatus
119
The part of the urethra that lies within the glans penis that is dilated is called?
Fossa terminalis (navicular fossa)
120
Constriction of the orifice of the prepuce caused by repeated inflammation
Phimosis
121
Glands in the female corresponding to the male prostate
Paraurethral gland
122
Structures supporting the upper third of vagina
Levator ani, transverse cervical, pubocervical, and sacrocervical ligament
123
Structures supporting the middle third of vagina
Urogenital diaphragm
124
Structures supporting the lower third of vagina
Perineal body
125
Blood supply of vulva
External and internal pudendal artery/vein
126
Lymph drainage of vulva
Medial group of superficial inguinal nodes
