Upper Limb Flashcards
Pass the Boards!
1
Q
Enumerate Brachial Plexus Trunks and from what Roots?
A
Upper Trunk - C5 and C6
Middle Trunk - C7
Lower Trunk - C8 and T1
2
Q
Enumerate Brachial Plexus Cords and from what division?
A
Lateral Cord - Anterior Upper and Anterior Middle
Medial Cord - Antterior Lower
Posterior Cord - Posterior Upper, Middle, and Lower
3
Q
Which part of the brachial plexus is named after its location around the axillary artery
A
Cords
4
Q
Brachial plexus branches coming from the roots
A
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)
Long Thoracic Nerve (C5,6,7)
5
Q
Brachial plexus branches coming from the trunk
A
Nerve to subclavius (upper trunk) Suprascapular Nerve (upper trunk)
6
Q
Brachial plexus branches coming from the lateral cord
A
Lateral pectoral nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Lateral root of median nerve
7
Q
Brachial plexus branches coming from the medial cord
A
Ulnar nerve medial root of median nerve Medial pectoral nerve Medial cutaneous nerve Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (forearm)
8
Q
Brachial plexus branches coming from the posterior cord
A
Upper and lower subscapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Axillary nerve
Radial Nerve
9
Q
The accessory phrenic nerve, when present is supplied by what branch of the brachial plexus?
A
Nerve to subclavius
10
Q
Dorsal Scapular Nerve innervates?
A
Rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae
11
Q
Long Thoracic Nerve innervates?
A
Serratus anterior
12
Q
Suprascapular Nerve innervates?
A
Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus
13
Q
Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerve innervates?
A
Lateral - Pectoralis major
Medial - Pectoralis major and minor
14
Q
Upper and Lower Subscapular nerve innervates?
A
Upper - Subscapularis
Lower - Subscapularis and Teres Major
15
Q
Axillary Nerve innervates?
A
Teres Minor, Deltoid
16
Q
Thoracodorsal Nerve innervates
A
Latissimus dorsi
17
Q
What structure passes through the quadrangular space?
A
Axillary nerve
posterior circumflex humeral artery
18
Q
Nerve that lies against the surgical neck of the humerus
A
Axillary nerve
19
Q
Nerve that descends in the interval between the axillary artery and vein
A
Ulnar nerve
20
Q
Nerve that lies behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus
A
Ulnar nerve
21
Q
Largest branch of the brachial plexus
A
Radial nerve
22
Q
Nerve that lies behind the axillary artery
A
Radial nerve
23
Q
Nerve that lies against the spiral groove of the humerus
A
Radial nerve
24
Q
Innervation of biceps brachii long and short head?
A
Musculocutaneous nerve
25
Innervation of brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
26
Innervation of coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
27
Innervation of triceps long, lateral, and medial head?
Radial nerve
28
Muscle which flexes elbow joint and supinates forearm?
Biceps brachii
29
Innervation of pronator teres?
Median nerve
30
Innervation of flexor carpi radialis?
Median nerve
31
Innervation of palmaris longus?
Median nerve
32
Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar nerve
33
Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis
Median nerve
34
Innervation of flexor pollicis longus
Anterior interosseus branch of median nerve
35
Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
Ulnar - medial half
| Median - lateral half
36
Innervation of pronator quadratus
Anterior interosseus branch of median nerve
37
Innervation of brachioradialis
Radial nerve
38
Innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus
Radial nerve
39
Innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Deep branch of radial nerve
40
Innervation of extensor digitorum
Deep branch of radial nerve
41
Innervation of extensor digiti minimi
Deep branch of radial nerve
42
Innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris
Deep branch of radial nerve
43
Innervation of anconeus
Radial nerve
44
Innervation of supinator
Deep branch of radial nerve
45
Innervation of abductor pollicis longus
Deep branch of radial nerve
46
Innervation of extensor pollicis brevis
Deep branch of radial nerve
47
Innervation of extensor pollicis longus
Deep branch of radial nerve
48
Innervation of extensor indicis
Deep branch of radial nerve
49
Innervation of palmaris brevis
superficial branch of ulnar nerve
50
Innervation of lumbricals
1st and 2nd (lateral two) - median nerve
| 3rd and 4th - deep branch of ulnar
51
Innervation of dorsal interossei
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
52
Innervation of palmar interossei
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
53
Innervation of abductor pollicis brevis
Median nerve
54
Innervation of flexor pollicis brevis
Median nerve
55
Innervation of opponens pollicis
Median nerve
56
Innervation of adductor pollicis
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
57
Innervation of abductor digiti minimi
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
58
Innervation of flexor digiti minimi
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
59
Innervation of opponens digiti minimi
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
60
The synovial sheath of the flexor pollicis longus is also known as
Radial bursa of the wrist
61
The synovial sheath of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus is also known as
Ulnar bursa of the wrist
62
Small vascular folds of synovial membrane that connect the tendons to the anterior surface of the phalanges
Vincula longa and brevia
63
This condition manifests with a finger held semiflexed and swollen, with pain on extension of the fingers due to distension of the affected structure with pus.
Flexor Tendon Sheath Tenosynovitis
64
Fascial space in the forearm between the flexor digitorum profundus anteriorly and the pronmator quadratus and interosseous membrane posteriorly
Space of Parona
65
List 6 structures in the anterior aspect of the wrist superficial to the flexor retinaculum
```
From medial to lateral:
Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon,
Ulnar nerve,
Ulnar artery,
Palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve,
palmaris longus tendon,
palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve
```
66
List 4 structures in the anterior aspect of the wrist deep to the flexor retinaculum
```
From medial to lateral:
Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons (sheath),
Median nerve,
Flexor pollicis longus tendon,
flexor carpi radialis tendon
```
67
List 4 structures in the posterior aspect of the wrist superficial to the extensor retinaculum
```
from medial to lateral:
Dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve,
basilic vein,
cephalic vein,
superficial branch of radial nerve
```
68
List 6 structures in the posterior aspect of the wrist deep to the extensor retinaculum
from medial to lateral:
Extensor carpi ulnaris tendon,
extensor digiti minimi tendon,
extensor digitorum and extensor indicis shared sheath,
extensor pollicis longus tendon,
extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis,
abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
69
This artery reaches the back of the hand by passing between the lateral collateral ligament of the wrist joint and tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
Radial artery
70
When the shoulder is fully adducted, what muscle initiates the first 15 degrees of shoulder abduction?
Supraspinatus
71
In a patient with a ruptured supraspinatus tendon, what muscle takes over in abduction of the shoulder?
Deltoid
72
“Winged Scapula” is caused by damage to what nerve?
Long Thoracic Nerve
73
What nerve is most likely damaged by fractures in the shaft of the humerus?
Radial
74
What nerve is most likely damaged by supracondylar fractures of the humerus?
Median
75
What nerve is most likely damaged in fractures of the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Ulnar
76
Lateral and medial boundary of the cubital fossa?
Lateral - brachioradialis
| Medial - pronator teres
77
What elbow flexor is located in the lateral compartment of the forearm?
Brachioradialis
78
Tennis elbow vs Golfer's elbow
Tennis - extensor muscles from lateral epicondyle
| Golfer - flexor muscles in medial epicondyle
79
Contraction of the muscles of the forearm that commonly follows fractures of the distal end of the humerus, or fractures of the radius and ulna is called what?
Volkmann’s ischemic contracture
80
Fracture of the distal end of the radius resulting from a fall on the outstretched hand
Colles’ fracture
81
Fracture of the distal end of the radius resulting from a fall on the back of the hand
Smith’s fracture
82
Fracture of the shaft of the ulna with the ulnar shaft bowing forward and anterior dislocation of the radial head with rupture of the annular ligament.
Monteggia’s fracture
83
Fracture of the proximal third of the radius and dislocation of the distal end of the ulna at the distal radioulnar joint.
Galleazzi’s fracture
84
What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone of the hand?
Scaphoid
85
The first carpal bone to ossify, beginning at the first year of life
Capitate
86
borders of the anatomic snuffbox?
Abductor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis
87
Injuries to the anatomic snuffbox will most likely affect this structure, which is palpable in the region?
Radial Artery
88
What small muscle of the hand is attached to the skin of the palm to corrugate the skin at the base of the hypothenar eminence and to improve grip of palm?
Palmaris brevis
89
Which short muscles of the thumb forms the thenar eminence?
Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis
90
Which muscles form the hypothenar eminence?
Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi brevis, Opponens digiti minimi
91
What structures pass through the carpal tunnel?
Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, median nerve
92
What structure(s) pass through the tunnel of Guyon?
Ulnar Artery and Ulnar Nerve
93
Fracture of the base of the metacarpal of the thumb caused when violence is applied along the long axis, or when the thumb is forcefully abducted.
Bennett’s fracture
94
This is a localized thickening of the palmar aponeurosis, which limits hand function and may eventually disable the hand
Dupuytren’s Contracture
95
Skin sensation is lost on the lateral half of the palm of the hand and the palmar aspect of the lateral 3 1/2 fingers, as well as on the skin on the distal part of the dorsal surface of the lateral 3 1/2 fingers in injuries to this nerve.
Median nerve
96
Sensory loss on the lateral part of the dorsum of the hand and on the dorsal surface of the proximal part of the lateral 3 1/2 fingers is caused by injury to this nerve?
Radial Nerve
97
Contents of triangular space
Scapular circumflex artery
98
Contents of the Triangular Interval
Profunda brachii artery
| Radial nerve
