Lower Limb Part 2

Question 1

popliteal fossa

Answer 1

-contains impotant neurovascular structures
-popliteal artery, tibial and common fibular nerves, lymphatic vessels, and fat

Question 2

tarsal tunnel

Answer 2

-passage found posterior to medial malleolus
-contains tibialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum longus tendon, posterior tibial artery and vein, tibial nerve, and flexor hallucis longus tendons

Question 3

tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 3

compression of tibial nerve

Question 4

what innervates the sole of foot muscles

Answer 4

tibial nerve

Question 5

layer 1 of foot muscles

Answer 5

-flexor digitorum brevis
-abductor hallucis
-abductor digiti minimi

Question 6

layer 2 of foot muscles

Answer 6

-flexor accessorius
-lumbricals

Question 7

layer 3 of foot muscles

Answer 7

-flexor hallucis brevis
-adductor hallucis
-flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 8

layer 4 of foot muscles

Answer 8

-plantar interossei
-dorsal interossei

Question 9

dorsum foot muscles

Answer 9

-extensor digitorum brevis
-extensor hallucis brevis
-innervated by deep fibular nerve

Question 10

arteries if lower limb

Answer 10

external iliac artery passes deep to inguinal ligament to become femoral artery

Question 11

femoral artery

Answer 11

-supplies anteromedial thigh
-gives rise to profunda femoris artery which branches into the medial and lateral circumflex artery

Question 12

obturator artery

Answer 12

-passes through obturator foramen
-supplies medial thigh muscles

Question 13

popliteal artery

Answer 13

-supplies knee vis geniculate branches

Question 14

posterior tibial artery

Answer 14

supplies posterior leg

Question 15

fibular artery

Answer 15

supplies lateral leg

Question 16

anterior tibial artery

Answer 16

-supplies anterior leg by passing though interosseus membrane

Question 17

anterior tibial artery continues…

Answer 17

onto dorsum of foot as dorsalis pedis or form arcuate artery and dorsal metatarsal arteries

Question 18

end of dorsalis pedis…

Answer 18

penetrates the sole of foot

Question 19

posterior tibial artery divides into…

Answer 19

medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 20

lateral plantar arteries anastomose with

Answer 20

dorsalis pedis artery to form plantar arch and digital arteries

Question 21

superficial veins

Answer 21

-dorsal metatarsal veins
-dorsal venous arch
-small saphenous vein
-great saphenous vein

Question 22

small saphenous veins

Answer 22

travel posterior to lateral malleolus and courses up posterior leg and empties into popliteal vein

Question 23

great saphenous vein

Answer 23

travels anterior to medial malleolus then posterior to medial femoral condyle and up medial thigh to empty into femoral vein vis saphenous opening

Question 24

lumbar plexus

Answer 24

-ventral rami of T12 and L1-L4
-small nerve innervate the psoas muscle
-give rise to femoral and obturator nerve

Question 25

femoral nerve

Answer 25

-passes under inguinal ligament -innervates iliacus, pectineus, quad femoris

Question 26

obturator nerve

Answer 26

-passes through obturator formen -innervate obturator externus, pectineus, gracilis, and adductor muscles

Question 27

sacral plexus

Answer 27

-ventral rami of L4-S4 -innervates glutes and deep butt muscles

Question 28

sacral plexus give rise to...

Answer 28

-inferior gluteal nerve -nerve to piriformis -nerve to obturator internus -nerve to quadratus femoris -posterior femoral cutaneous nerve -

Question 29

sciatic nerve

Answer 29

-passes through greater sciatic foramen and enters posterior thigh -innervates bicep femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

Question 30

what does sciatic nerve divide into

Answer 30

tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

Question 31

tibial nerve

Answer 31

-innervate popliteus, gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, muscles of the sole feet. ALL POSTERIOR LEG MUSCLES

Question 32

sural nerve

Answer 32

arises from tibial and common fibular nerves

Question 33

common fibular nerve

Answer 33

-divides into superficial and deep fibular nerves -innervates fibularis longus, brevis, tertius, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and brevis, and extensor hallucis longus and brevis ALL ANTERIOR LEG MUSCLES

Question 34

hip joint

Answer 34

-ball and socket joint -has labrum that limits motion of femur head

Question 35

ligamentum teres

Answer 35

-intracapsular ligament -connects acetabulum notch to fovea capitis

Question 36

3 extracapsular thickenings

Answer 36

-iliofemoral ligament -pubofemoral ligament -ischiofemoral ligament -stabilizing joint

Question 37

muscle tendons surrounding hip joint

Answer 37

for stability

Question 38

knee joint

Answer 38

-patellofemoral (plane) joint and tibiofemoral (hinge) joint -most complex -plane and hinge joint

Question 39

patellofemoral joint

Answer 39

plane joint that allows patella to glide over patella surface

Question 40

tibiofemoral joint

Answer 40

-synovial joint -complex synovial cavity -communicating extensions -noncommunicating bursa -medial and later menisci

Question 41

medial and lateral menisci

Answer 41

attach to condyles of tibia and stabilize the knee joint

Question 42

extracapsular ligaments of knee

Answer 42

-medial collateral ligament -lateral collateral ligament -oblique popliteal ligament -arcuate popliteal ligament **reinforces the joint

Question 43

intracapsular ligaments of the knee

Answer 43

-anterior cruciate -posterior cruciate

Question 44

anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 44

prevents anterior sliding of tibia on femur

Question 45

posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 45

prevents posterior sliding of tibia on femur

Question 46

during extension femor...

Answer 46

medially rotates on tibia by locking the knee by keeping the cruciate ligaments taut

Question 47

ankle joint

Answer 47

-hinge joint between inferior ends of tibia and fibula and talus

Question 48

intertarsal joints

Answer 48

inversion/eversion

Question 49

deltoid ligament

Answer 49

medial malleolus to navicular

Question 50

lateral ligament

Answer 50

consists of three bands: -anterior and posterior talofibular ligament -calcaneofibular ligament -

Question 51

inferior ends of tibia and fibula joined together by

Answer 51

anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments and interosseous membrane

Question 52

hilton's law

Answer 52

any nerve that innervates a muscle producing movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself