Lower Respi Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
commencement of trachea
A
cricoid cartilage at level of C6
2
Q
termination of trachea
A
carina
3
Q
carina divides into right and left principal bronchus at what level
A
sternal angle (T3-4)
4
Q
how many U shaped cartilaginous rings in trachea
A
15-20
5
Q
cartilages in trachea are of what kinds
A
hyaline
6
Q
the trachea is a _______ tube
A
firboelastic
7
Q
the posterior free ends of the trachea is connected by
A
trachealis muscles
8
Q
where can the trachea be palpated
A
root of neck, midline in suprasternal notch
9
Q
length of the trachea
A
4.5 inch (11.25cm)
10
Q
diameter of trachea
A
1 in (2.5cm)
11
Q
located anterior to the trachea
A
skin fascia isthmus (2nd to 4th ring) inferior thyroid vein jugular arch thyroidea ima artery sternothyroid sternohyoid muscles
12
Q
located posterior to the trachea
A
right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves
esophagus
13
Q
located lateral to trachea
A
lobes of thyroid
carotid sheath and contents
14
Q
anterior to the superior mediastinum of the thorax
A
sternum thymus left brachiocephalic vein origins of the brachipcephalic and left common carotid arteries arch of aorta
15
Q
posterior the superior mediastinum of the thorax
A
esophagus
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
16
Q
to right side of superior mediastinum
A
azygos vein
right vagus nerve
pleura
17
Q
to the left side of the superior mediastinum
A
arch of the aorta
left common carotid
left subclav art
pleura
18
Q
nerve supply of the trachea
A
sensory (vagus, reccurent)
sympathetic nerves
19
Q
blood supply of trachea
A
inferior thyroid art (upper 2/3) bronchial artery (lower 1/3)
20
Q
lymph drainage of trachea
A
pretracheal and paratracheal lymph nodes
deep cervical nodes
21
Q
2 parts of th pleura
A
parietal
visceral
22
Q
2 layers of the pleura become continuous with one via
A
cuff of pleura
23
Q
surrounds strucutres entering and leaving the lung at the hilum
A
cuff of pleura
24
Q
separates visceral and parietal pleura, for minimum friction
A
pleural cavity
25
parietal pleura according to region
cervical
costal
diaphragmatic (lower 8 10 12)
mediastinal
26
suprapleural membrane aka
Sibson's fascia
27
cervical pleura reaches until
1-1.5 inches above medial third of clavicle
28
lines the under surface of the suprapleural membrane
cervical pleura
29
lines inner surface of the ribs, costal cartialges, ICS, back fos ternum and sides of vertebral body
costal pleura
30
cover the thoracic surface of the doaphragm
diaphragmatic pleura
31
itsura ng costal at diaohragmatic pleura during quiet respi
side by side
32
itsura ng costal at diaphragmatic pleura during deep inspi
separate
33
covers and forms the lateral boudnary of mediastinum
mediastinal pleura
34
the mediastinal plerua is reflected as a cuff aroudn the vessels and bronchi where
lung hilum
35
pleura sensitive to temp, pain, touch, pressure
parietal
36
pleura sensitive to stretch
visceral
37
nerve supply of the visceral pleura
autonomic supplt from pulmonary plexus
38
nerve supply to costal pleura
intercostal nerves
39
nerve supply to mediastinal pleura
phrenic
40
nerve supply to diaphragmatic pleura
phrenic enrve - domes
| lower 6 intercostal -periphery
41
how manys ites not fully occupied uring quiet inspiration
4
42
4 sites not fully occupied during quiet inspiration
right and left costodiaphragmatic recess
| right and left costomediastinal recess
43
costal and diaphragmatic come together during ____
expiration
44
slit-like spaces between costal and mediastinal parietal pleura situated along anterior margins of pleura
right and left costomediastinal recess
45
during insi and expi, ____________ slides ina dn out of the costomediastinal recess
apex of lungs
46
bifurcation of the trachea into right and left bronchi is where
behind arch of aorta
47
respiratory bronchioles divide into _____ alveolar ducts that enter te sacs
2-11
48
wider bonchus
right
49
shorter bronchus
right
50
narrower bronchus
left
51
longer bronchus
left
52
stems of right bronchus
eparietal
| hyparietal
53
stems of left bronchus
hyparietal only
54
branch of right bornchus before entering hilum
superior lobar bronchus
55
branch of right bronchuis on entering hilum
middle and inferior lobar bronchus
56
what arches of the right bronchus
azygos vein
57
branches of left bronchus upon entering hilum
superior and inferior lobar
58
path of left bronchus
passes to the elft below arch of aorta in front of esophagus
59
lung are separated from each other by
heart and great vessels
60
lungs are attached to mediastinum only by its
roots
61
projects upwards 1inch above clavicle
blunt apex
62
lung surface that sits on diaphragm
concave base
63
lung surface due to concave cesht wall
concave costal surface
64
lung surface molded into the epricardium and medistinal structures
concave mediastinal surface
65
depression in which bronchi, vessels, nerves enter and leave the lungs
hilum
66
Mapped out by drawing a convex upward from sternoclavicular joint to point 1 inch (2.5cm) above junction of medial and intermediate thirds of the clavicle
apex of lungs
67
anterior border of right lung
behind sternoclav joint > downward almost reaching midline behind sternal angle > downward to xiphisternal joint
68
anterior border of left lung
similar until 4th costal > deviates laterally to form cardiac notch
69
produced by heart displacing the left lung
cardiac notchq
70
lower border of the lungs
6th rib midclav line
8th rib midaxill
10th rib adjacent to vertebra column
71
posterior border of the lungs
spine of C7 to T10
| 1.5 inches from midline
72
which lung is larger, 3 lobes, and has oblique and horizontal fissures,
right
73
which lung is smaller, 2 lobes and no horiz fissures
left
74
fissure found in both lungs
oblique
75
fissure found in right lung only
horizontal
76
this follows the course of the 6th rib
oblique fissure
77
Can be indicated by drawing a line from root of spine of the scapula obliquely downward, laterally, and anteriorl
oblique fissure
78
Divides superior lobe producing middle lobe
horizontal fissure
79
saang level ang horizontal fissure
4th costal cartilage
80
where does horizontam meet oblique fissure
midaxillary line
81
bounded by horizontal and oblique fissures
middle lobe
82
bronchial arteries are branches of
descendign aorta
83
supplies connective tissue of lungs, visceral pleura, bronchi
bonrchial artery
84
bronnchial arteries drain into
azygous and hemiazygous
85
carries deoxygenated blood to alveoli
pulmonary artery
86
carries oxygenated blood and empties into ______
pulmonary veins
| left atrium
87
nerves found at root of lung
ulmonary plexus
88
fibers of pulmonary plexus
efferent and afferent autonomic fibers
89
pulmonary plexus is from where
bracnhes of sympathetic trunk
90
where doe the pulmonary plexus gets its parasympa fibers
vagus enrve
91
sympathetic efferent fibers of the lungs produces
bronchodilatio n
| vasocon
92
parasympathetic efferent fibers of lungs produces
bronchoconstr
vasocil
increased galdnular secretion
93
the superficial or subpleural plexus of lymph nodes drains what
srains over sufrace of lungs to hilum
94
lymph vessel of superficial plexus enters what
bronchopulmonary nodes
95
course of deep plexus of lymphs
along bronchi toward hilum
96
all lymph nodes drains into ________ then _______ then ______
tracheobronchial nodes >
branchomediastinal lymph trunks >
subclav vein
97
anatomic, functional, surgical units of the lungs
bronchopulmonary segments
98
components of each segment
Pulmonary artery
Lymphatic vessels Autonomic nerve supply
Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
99
pulmonary veins run where
connective tissue between adjacent segments(outside the segment)
100
seen running in connective tissues between adjacent segments
pulmonary veins
101
upon entering the bronchopulmonary segment what happens
seg bronchus divides
bronchi becomes smaller (U shape replaced by irreg plates)
rise to bronchioles <1 mm wide
rise to terminal bronchioles 0.5 mm wide
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
102
main characteristics of bronchopulmonary segments
subdivision of lung lobe
pyramid shape
apex towards lung root
103
formed of structures entering or leaving the lung
root of the lung
104
components ng roots of lungs
bronchi
pulmo artery and vein
lymph vesssels
bronchial vessels
105
what surrounds the root of the lung
tubular sheath of pleura
