Lower Urinary Tract Anatomy and Male Reproductive Anatomy

Question 1

Do the ureters pass through the false pelvis/true pelvis or both?

Answer 1

Both

Question 2

Where is included in the false pelvis?

Answer 2

From iliac crests to pelvic inlet

Question 3

The false pelvis is part of what cavity? What type of viscera does it contain?

Answer 3

Abdominal cavity, containing abdominal viscera

Question 4

Where is included in the true pelvis (pelvic cavity)?

Answer 4

Pelvic inlet to the pelvic floor

Question 5

The true pelvis contains what type of viscera?

Answer 5

Pelvic viscera

Question 6

In terms of the pelvis, where is the bladder found?

Answer 6

True pelvis (pelvic cavity)

Question 7

What separates the true and false pelvis?

Answer 7

Pelvic inlet

Question 8

What is the main pelvic floor muscle?

Answer 8

Levator ani

Question 9

The urethra passes through where to get into the perineum?

Answer 9

Pelvic floor

Question 10

Holes in the pelvic floor allow viscera to enter where?

Answer 10

Perineum

Question 11

To enter the pelvis, the ureters pass where in relation to the common iliac artery?

Answer 11

Anterior

Question 12

What happens to the ureters at the level of the ischial spine?

Answer 12

They turn medial to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder

Question 13

In terms of where it takes place, the route of the pelvic ureters is described as what? What does this mean?

Answer 13

Sub-peritoneal (below the peritoneal cavity)

Question 14

The ureters enter the posterior bladder wall in what direction? What is the function of this?

Answer 14

Inferomedial- helps prevent reflux of urine when the bladder contracts

Question 15

What is the rectovesicle pouch?

Answer 15

The most inferior part of the MALE peritoneal cavity when in the anatomical position (between bladder and rectum)

Question 16

The round ligament of the uterus attaches the uterus to the perineum via what?

Answer 16

Inguinal canal

Question 17

Where is the vesicouterine pouch found?

Answer 17

In females only, between the uterus and bladder

Question 18

What is the rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)?

Answer 18

The most inferior part of the FEMALE peritoneal cavity when in the anatomical position (between uterus and rectum)

Question 19

The inferior part of the parietal peritoneum forms what?

Answer 19

The floor of the peritoneal cavity and a roof over the pelvic organs

Question 20

Where does the ureter run in relation to the uterine tubes and uterine artery?

Answer 20

Inferior

Question 21

Where does the ureter run in relation to the vas deferens?

Answer 21

Inferior and deep

Question 22

What structure must be cut in gynaecological surgery, which is closely related to the ureter?

Answer 22

Uterine artery

Question 23

Arteries entering the pelvis are mainly branches from where? Veins mainly drain to where?

Answer 23

Internal iliac artery/vein

Question 24

Where do the vesicle arteries supply?

Answer 24

The bladder

Question 25

In males, what are often branches of the vesicle artery?

Answer 25

Prostate arteries

Question 26

Where does the prostate sit in relation to the bladder?

Answer 26

Inferior

Question 27

What does the external iliac artery go on to become?

Answer 27

Femoral artery

Question 28

On the internal aspect of the bladder, there is a triangular shape known as what? What 3 structures make up the points?

Answer 28

Trigone: 2 ureteric orifaces and 1 internal urethral oriface

Question 29

Where are the ureteric orifaces in the bladder?

Answer 29

The base- posterior aspect

Question 30

Where is the internal urethral oriface in the bladder?

Answer 30

The floor

Question 31

What is the lining of the trigone like, compared to the rest of the bladder?

Answer 31

It is very smooth, unlike the rest of the bladder which is not

Question 32

What muscles are found around the ureteric orifices and form most of the bladder wall, which tighten when the bladder contracts to prevent reflux?

Answer 32

Detrusor muscles

Question 33

At the neck of the MALE bladder, the detrusor muscle fibres form what?

Answer 33

Internal urethral sphincter

Question 34

What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 34

Contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen back into the bladder

Question 35

What is the most anterior organ in the pelvis?

Answer 35

Bladder

Question 36

Where is the uterus in relation to the bladder?

Answer 36

Superior

Question 37

When is the bladder within the true and false pelvis?

Answer 37

When empty = true pelvis, when full = true and false pelvis

Question 38

What aspect of the bladder is covered by peritoneum?

Answer 38

Superior

Question 39

What forms the external urethral sphincter?

Answer 39

Skeletal muscle circularly arranged around the urethra

Question 40

Is the urethra in the pelvis, perineum or both?

Answer 40

Both

Question 41

What part of the urethra is known as the spongey urethra?

Answer 41

The part passing through the penis (in the corpus spongiosum)

Question 42

After passing through the inguinal canal, where does the vas deferens enter?

Answer 42

Abdominal cavity

Question 43

The vas deferens combines with what other structure to form the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 43

Seminal gland

Question 44

The ejaculatory duct passes into where, to join the urethra? What forms here?

Answer 44

Prostate- the prostatic urethra

Question 45

Where do the testes move to and from during development?

Answer 45

Posterior abdominal wall, through the inguinal canal, to the scrotum

Question 46

Autonomic nerves from the spermatic cord supply what?

Answer 46

Smooth muscle of the VD

Question 47

Somatic nerves from the spermatic cord supply what?

Answer 47

Cremaster muscle

Question 48

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?

Answer 48

Venous drainage from the testicle

Question 49

Inside the scrotum, the testis sit in a sac known as what?

Answer 49

Tunica vaginalis

Question 50

Excess fluid in the tunica vaginalis is known as what?

Answer 50

Hydrocele

Question 51

What is the function of the vas deferens?

Answer 51

Transports sperm

Question 52

What can happen if there is testicular torsion?

Answer 52

Cut off the blood supply from testicular artery causing severe pain and necrosis of the testicle

Question 53

Give 5 structures which are passing through the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 53

Testicular artery, testicular vein, vas deferens, lymphatics and nerves

Question 54

What is the common name for the testicular/ovarian artery/vein?

Answer 54

Gonadal artery/vein

Question 55

The gonadal arteries are branches of where?

Answer 55

Abdominal aorta

Question 56

The left gonadal vein drains to where?

Answer 56

Left renal vein

Question 57

The right gonadal vein drains to where?

Answer 57

IVC

Question 58

Where is the epididymis palpated?

Answer 58

Posterior aspect of the testes

Question 59

Where is the vas deferens palpated?

Answer 59

Within the spermatic cord in the scrotum, superior to the testes

Question 60

Sperm are produced where? They will then pass into where for storage?

Answer 60

Seminiferous tubules, then into epididymis

Question 61

Where does sperm pass to after the epididymis?

Answer 61

VD

Question 62

Once the VD is in the abdomen, in what direction does it pass in relation to the bladder?

Answer 62

Posterior

Question 63

At what structure will the VD turn medial into the pelvis?

Answer 63

Deep inguinal ring

Question 64

Secretions from the prostate gland drain into where?

Answer 64

Prostatic urethra

Question 65

The inferior aspect of the prostate is in contact with what structure?

Answer 65

Levator ani

Question 66

The ejaculatory duct is formed by which two structures?

Answer 66

Vas deferens and seminal gland

Question 67

Where does the ejaculatory duct enter?

Answer 67

Prostatic urethra

Question 68

Most prostate cancers arise in which zone of the gland?

Answer 68

Peripheral zone

Question 69

The penis is within where?

Answer 69

The perineum

Question 70

What part of the penis erectile tissue is found posteriorly? What is the function of this part?

Answer 70

Right and left corpus cavernosum- transmits the deep arteries of the penis

Question 71

What part of the penis erectile tissue is found anteriorly? What is the function of this part?

Answer 71

Corpus spongiosum- transmits the spongey urethra and expands distally to form the glans

Question 72

The root of the penis is laterally attached to which bone?

Answer 72

Ischium of pelvis

Question 73

Arterial blood supply to the penis is from where?

Answer 73

Deep arteries of the penis, branch of internal pudenal artery, branch of internal iliac artery

Question 74

Arterial blood to the scrotum is from where?

Answer 74

Internal pudenal artery and branches of the external iliac artery

Question 75

Lymph from the scrotum and most of penis (not glans) drains to where?

Answer 75

Superficial inguinal nodes

Question 76

Where are superficial inguinal nodes found?

Answer 76

Superficial fascia in the groin

Question 77

Lymph from the testes drains to where? Why?

Answer 77

Lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta due to its embryological origin