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M Eval > Lumbar > Flashcards

Lumbar Flashcards

1
Q

What is this called?
L5 fuses with sacral segment, mobile l5 fuses with immobile s1

A

Sacralization of L5

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2
Q

What type of curve is observed in the lumber spine, what degree?

A

Lordosis (50 deg)

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3
Q

RESTING POSITION of the lumbar facets

A

Midway between flexion and extension

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4
Q

Capsular pattern of the lumbar facet

A

full extension

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5
Q

Capsular pattern of the Lumbar facets

A

Side flexion and rotation equally limited, extension

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5
Q

Why is L5 as transitional vertebra?

A

Because the L5 tends to fuse with the sacral joint
If the L5 fuses with the Sacrum, this is called SACRALIZATION
Mobility of the L5 is sacrificed as it joins the segment (decreased ROM)

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6
Q

🔖 Sometimes the S1 fuses with the Lumbar segment
it will result in?

A

It results in an increased range of motion for the S1

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7
Q

Found over the lamina
Bony connection between the facets

A

Pars Interarticularis

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7
Q

Facets:
Superior Facets contains and positioned?

Inferior Facets is positioned?

A

Superior Facets
Mamillary process (multifidus muscle)
Positioned posteriorly and medially

Inferior Facets
Positioned anteriorly and lateral

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8
Q

T or F

Transverse Process = Accessory Process
Spinous Process = Short but thick

A

TRUE

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8
Q

The common site of fracture for the lumbar segment

A

PARS INTERARTICULARIS

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8
Q

At the upper tubercle of the superior articular facet
Important attachment for the MULTIFIDUS MUSCLE

A

MAMILLARY PROCESS

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8
Q

ACCESSORY PROCESS is located at?

A

Located over the transverse process

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8
Q

Ligament that Connects the different lumbar segments

A

INTERSEGMENTAL

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8
Q

Ligament that Within the lumbar segment
Keeps the vertebrae in place

A

INTRASEGMENTAL

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9
Q

Ligament that At the L5 segment, posterior portion of the ileum
Connects the transverse process of the L5 to the Ileum
Forms a Iliolumbar Canal

A

ILIOLUMBAR LIGAMENT

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10
Q

degeneration of IV disc (lumiliit)

A

SPONDYLOSIS

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10
Q

unilateral defect, unilateral Fx of pars interarticularis

A

SPONDYLOLYSIS or SCOTTIE DOG

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11
Q

bilat. Fx of pars interarticularis = anterior slippage

A

SPONDYLOLISTHESIS/SCOTTIE DOG DECAPITATED:

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11
Q

backward/posterior displacement of vertebral body

A

RETROLISTHESIS

11
Q

T or F
with intact disc: carry about 10% to 25% of the axial load
with disc degeneration: reaches 80%

A

FALSE
with intact disc: carry about 20% to 25% of the axial load
with disc degeneration: reaches 70%

12
Q

abnormality on the shape of facet joint

A

TROPISM

13
Q

20-33% of V-height
due to fluidity, collagenous

A

INTERVERTEBRAL DISC

14
Q

T or F
mobility order: cervical > lumbar > thoracic

A

TRUE

14
Q

T or F
IV Discs are ideally innervated and avascular but the peripheral and outer components are innervated and a little vascularized

A

FALSE
IV Discs are ideally non-innervated and avascular but the peripheral and outer components are innervated and a little vascularized

15
Q

Dics herniation is Most common in

A

L4-L5; L5-S1
Posterolateral herniation

15
Q

If the disc herniates anteriorly where will the pain be felt?

A

Lumbar pain

16
Q

If the disc herniates posteriorly where will the pain be felt?

A

Myelopathy
Ipit spinal cord
Cauda Equina Syndrome

16
Q

If the disc herniates Vertically towards the vertebral body where will the pain be felt?

A

Schmorl’s nodes / Scheuermann’s

16
Q

If the disc herniates medially where will the pain be felt?

A

Nerves/Nerve roots are affected

17
Q

Most common disc herniation and this will result to

A

POSTEROLATERAL
Consequence = PARESTHESIA AT THE LE/ RADICULOPATHY

17
Q

Herniation of the nucleus pulposus into the vertebral body

A

SCHORL’S NODES

18
Q

Macnab’s Classification for Disc Herniation

A

PROTRUSION (grade 1)
PROLAPSE(grade 2)
EXTRUSION (grade 3)
SEQUESTRATION (grade 4)

19
Q

SEQUESTRATION (grade 4) indicates?

A

Nucleus pulposus is completely separated from the disc

19
Q

EXTRUSION (grade 3) indicates?

A

Leakage of nucleus pulposus
Annulus fibrosus perforated

20
Q

PROLAPSE(grade 2) indicates?

A

Nucleus pulposus goes over annulus fibrosus

21
Q

PROTRUSION (grade 1) indicates?

A

Bulge posteriorly without rupture of the annulus fibrosus

21
Q

L3-L4 Herniation -> ___ Disc is affected
L4-L5 -> __nerve root exits here

A

L3-L4 Herniation -> L3 Disc is affected
L4-L5 -> L5 nerve root exits here

21
Q

Normal angles of the spine
Lumbosacral angle =
Lumbar lordotic curve =
Sacral angle =
Pelvic angle =

A

Normal angles of the spine
Lumbosacral angle = 140 degrees
Lumbar lordotic curve = 50 degrees
Sacral angle = 30 degrees
Pelvic angle = 30 degrees

21
Q

BACK PAIN VS LEG PAIN DOMINANT
Pattern 1
Pattern 2

A

BACK PAIN VS LEG PAIN DOMINANT
Pattern 1 = Disc involvement
Pattern 2 = Facet joint involvement

21
Q

BACK PAIN VS LEG PAIN DOMINANT
Pattern 3
Pattern 4

A

Pattern 3 = Nerve root involvement
Pattern 4 = Neurogenic Intermittent claudication

21
Q

Age-related conditions and patient’s gender
Disc problems; ___ year old
Ankylosing spondylitis; __year old (men); Bamboo spine; Inflammation of joint

A

Age-related conditions and patient’s gender
Disc problems; 15-40 year old
Ankylosing spondylitis; 18-45 year old (men)

21
Q

Age-related conditions and patient’s gender
OA and spondylosis; __ year old and above
Malignancy; __year old and above

A

Age-related conditions and patient’s gender
OA and spondylosis; 45 year old and above
Malignancy; 50 year old and above

22
Q

T or F
Males are more common to have low back pain due to hormones; pregnant women have laxed ligament

A

FALSE
Females are more common to have low back pain due to hormones; pregnant women have laxed ligament

22
Q

Duration of back pain
Acute; ___
Subacute; ___
Chronic; ___

A

Duration of back pain
Acute; 3-4 weeks
Subacute; 4-12 weeks
Chronic; > 3 months

22
Q

T or F
Long term use of physiotherapy can lead to osteoperosis

A

FASLE
Long term use of steroid therapy can lead to osteoperosis

22
Q

Body type
Ectomorph ?
Mesomorph ?
Endomorph ?

A

Body type
Ectomorph -> payat, Thin body type
Mesomorph -> normal, Muscular or Sturdy body type
Endomorph -> taba, Heavy or fat body type

23
Q
A

M Eval (15 decks)

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