Lumbar

Question 1

What is this called?
L5 fuses with sacral segment, mobile l5 fuses with immobile s1

Answer 1

Sacralization of L5

Question 2

What type of curve is observed in the lumber spine, what degree?

Answer 2

Lordosis (50 deg)

Question 3

RESTING POSITION of the lumbar facets

Answer 3

Midway between flexion and extension

Question 4

Capsular pattern of the lumbar facet

Answer 4

full extension

Question 5

Capsular pattern of the Lumbar facets

Answer 5

Side flexion and rotation equally limited, extension

Question 5

Why is L5 as transitional vertebra?

Answer 5

Because the L5 tends to fuse with the sacral joint
If the L5 fuses with the Sacrum, this is called SACRALIZATION
Mobility of the L5 is sacrificed as it joins the segment (decreased ROM)

Question 6

🔖 Sometimes the S1 fuses with the Lumbar segment
it will result in?

Answer 6

It results in an increased range of motion for the S1

Question 7

Found over the lamina
Bony connection between the facets

Answer 7

Pars Interarticularis

Question 7

Facets:
Superior Facets contains and positioned?

Inferior Facets is positioned?

Answer 7

Superior Facets
Mamillary process (multifidus muscle)
Positioned posteriorly and medially

Inferior Facets
Positioned anteriorly and lateral

Question 8

T or F

Transverse Process = Accessory Process
Spinous Process = Short but thick

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 8

The common site of fracture for the lumbar segment

Answer 8

PARS INTERARTICULARIS

Question 8

At the upper tubercle of the superior articular facet
Important attachment for the MULTIFIDUS MUSCLE

Answer 8

MAMILLARY PROCESS

Question 8

ACCESSORY PROCESS is located at?

Answer 8

Located over the transverse process

Question 8

Ligament that Connects the different lumbar segments

Answer 8

INTERSEGMENTAL

Question 8

Ligament that Within the lumbar segment
Keeps the vertebrae in place

Answer 8

INTRASEGMENTAL

Question 9

Ligament that At the L5 segment, posterior portion of the ileum
Connects the transverse process of the L5 to the Ileum
Forms a Iliolumbar Canal

Answer 9

ILIOLUMBAR LIGAMENT

Question 10

degeneration of IV disc (lumiliit)

Answer 10

SPONDYLOSIS

Question 10

unilateral defect, unilateral Fx of pars interarticularis

Answer 10

SPONDYLOLYSIS or SCOTTIE DOG

Question 11

bilat. Fx of pars interarticularis = anterior slippage

Answer 11

SPONDYLOLISTHESIS/SCOTTIE DOG DECAPITATED:

Question 11

backward/posterior displacement of vertebral body

Answer 11

RETROLISTHESIS

Question 11

T or F
with intact disc: carry about 10% to 25% of the axial load
with disc degeneration: reaches 80%

Answer 11

FALSE
with intact disc: carry about 20% to 25% of the axial load
with disc degeneration: reaches 70%

Question 12

abnormality on the shape of facet joint

Answer 12

TROPISM

Question 13

20-33% of V-height
due to fluidity, collagenous

Answer 13

INTERVERTEBRAL DISC

Question 14

T or F
mobility order: cervical > lumbar > thoracic

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 14

T or F IV Discs are ideally innervated and avascular but the peripheral and outer components are innervated and a little vascularized

Answer 14

FALSE IV Discs are ideally non-innervated and avascular but the peripheral and outer components are innervated and a little vascularized

Question 15

Dics herniation is Most common in

Answer 15

L4-L5; L5-S1 Posterolateral herniation

Question 15

If the disc herniates anteriorly where will the pain be felt?

Answer 15

Lumbar pain

Question 16

If the disc herniates posteriorly where will the pain be felt?

Answer 16

Myelopathy Ipit spinal cord Cauda Equina Syndrome

Question 16

If the disc herniates Vertically towards the vertebral body where will the pain be felt?

Answer 16

Schmorl’s nodes / Scheuermann’s

Question 16

If the disc herniates medially where will the pain be felt?

Answer 16

Nerves/Nerve roots are affected

Question 17

Most common disc herniation and this will result to

Answer 17

POSTEROLATERAL Consequence = PARESTHESIA AT THE LE/ RADICULOPATHY

Question 17

Herniation of the nucleus pulposus into the vertebral body

Answer 17

SCHORL’S NODES

Question 18

Macnab's Classification for Disc Herniation

Answer 18

PROTRUSION (grade 1) PROLAPSE(grade 2) EXTRUSION (grade 3) SEQUESTRATION (grade 4)

Question 19

SEQUESTRATION (grade 4) indicates?

Answer 19

Nucleus pulposus is completely separated from the disc

Question 19

EXTRUSION (grade 3) indicates?

Answer 19

Leakage of nucleus pulposus Annulus fibrosus perforated

Question 20

PROLAPSE(grade 2) indicates?

Answer 20

Nucleus pulposus goes over annulus fibrosus

Question 21

PROTRUSION (grade 1) indicates?

Answer 21

Bulge posteriorly without rupture of the annulus fibrosus

Question 21

L3-L4 Herniation -> ___ Disc is affected L4-L5 -> __nerve root exits here

Answer 21

L3-L4 Herniation -> L3 Disc is affected L4-L5 -> L5 nerve root exits here

Question 21

Normal angles of the spine Lumbosacral angle = Lumbar lordotic curve = Sacral angle = Pelvic angle =

Answer 21

Normal angles of the spine Lumbosacral angle = 140 degrees Lumbar lordotic curve = 50 degrees Sacral angle = 30 degrees Pelvic angle = 30 degrees

Question 21

BACK PAIN VS LEG PAIN DOMINANT Pattern 1 Pattern 2

Answer 21

BACK PAIN VS LEG PAIN DOMINANT Pattern 1 = Disc involvement Pattern 2 = Facet joint involvement

Question 21

BACK PAIN VS LEG PAIN DOMINANT Pattern 3 Pattern 4

Answer 21

Pattern 3 = Nerve root involvement Pattern 4 = Neurogenic Intermittent claudication

Question 21

Age-related conditions and patient’s gender Disc problems; ___ year old Ankylosing spondylitis; __year old (men); Bamboo spine; Inflammation of joint

Answer 21

Age-related conditions and patient’s gender Disc problems; 15-40 year old Ankylosing spondylitis; 18-45 year old (men)

Question 21

Age-related conditions and patient’s gender OA and spondylosis; __ year old and above Malignancy; __year old and above

Answer 21

Age-related conditions and patient’s gender OA and spondylosis; 45 year old and above Malignancy; 50 year old and above

Question 22

T or F Males are more common to have low back pain due to hormones; pregnant women have laxed ligament

Answer 22

FALSE Females are more common to have low back pain due to hormones; pregnant women have laxed ligament

Question 22

Duration of back pain Acute; ___ Subacute; ___ Chronic; ___

Answer 22

Duration of back pain Acute; 3-4 weeks Subacute; 4-12 weeks Chronic; > 3 months

Question 22

T or F Long term use of physiotherapy can lead to osteoperosis

Answer 22

FASLE Long term use of steroid therapy can lead to osteoperosis

Question 22

Body type Ectomorph ? Mesomorph ? Endomorph ?

Answer 22

Body type Ectomorph -> payat, Thin body type Mesomorph -> normal, Muscular or Sturdy body type Endomorph -> taba, Heavy or fat body type