Flashcards in Lumbar Deck (166)
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1
66% of the lumbar lordosis from ____________.
L4-S1
2
Decreased lumbar lordosis associated with ________ disc degeneration.
L5S1
3
Decreased ___________ effort when lordosis is maintained.
extensor
4
Gold standard = radiographic measurement; range from ______________.
47* - 64*
5
External measures =
-bendable rulers
- strain gauges embedded in tape
- inclinometers
- accelerometers
6
Do external measures have a better or poorer validity?
All external measures have poor concurrent validity against radiograph.
7
For lumbar lordosis: line parallel to superior endplate of ____.
L1
8
For lumbar lordosis: line parallel to inferior endplate of ____.
L5
9
For lumbar lordosis: _________________ drawn to these lines.
Perpendiculars
10
For lumbar lordosis: angle between the _____________ of these perpendiculars
intersection
11
The functional spinal unit is made up of what 4 components?
1. two adjacent vertebral bodies
2. intervertebral disc (IVD)
3. associated soft tissue
4. motion segment
12
Lumbar vertebral structure, anterior elements:
1. two vertebral bodies
2. intervertebral disc (IVD)
3. Longitudinal ligaments
13
Lumbar vertebral structure, posterior elements:
1. vertebral arches
2. spinous and transverse processes
3. facet joints
4. posterior ligaments
14
The anterior elements of the lumbar spine function to:
1. bear compressive loads
2. larger caudally (loading increases)
15
The posterior elements of the lumbar spine function to:
1. guide movement
2. motion determined by facet joint orientation
16
The facet joints function to:
restrict motion
and as muscle attachments
17
The TP function to:
as muscle and ligament attachments
Increase moment arm
18
The SP function as:
muscle and ligament attachments
increase moment arms
19
The superior facet joint articulates with the
inferior facet of the adjacent vertebrae
20
The highly innervated joint capsule functions as:
mechanoreceptors for proprioception
nociceptors --> pain
21
The surface orientation of the lumbar facet is:
90* transverse plane
45* FRONTAL plane
22
The lumbar facets allow for:
1. flex/ ext
2. lateral flex
3. minimal rotation
23
The lumbosacral joint is in __________ orientation for __________.
oblique orientation for rotation
24
Lumbar facet joints load share with IVD, which is _______ dependent.
posture
25
Hyperextension causes ________ total load on facets
30%
26
Flexion coupled with rotation ____________________________.
increases loading of facets
27
what is tight in extension?
anterior longitudinal ligament
28
What serves as a vertebral body attachment (less to disc)
anterior longitudinal ligament
29
What serves as a IVD attachment (less to body)
the posterior longitudinal ligament
30
