Lung Cancer

Question 1

What is most likely to metastasize early (small or non-small)

Answer 1

Small cell lung cancer

Question 2

What is the standard of care (technique) of radiation treatments for lung cancer

Answer 2

3DCRT or IMRT

Question 3

Where does the upper respiratory system begin

Answer 3

At the nose

Question 4

Where is the level of the carina

Answer 4

T4-T5

Question 5

Which is more distal (alveoli, bronchioles, bronchus)

Answer 5

Alveoli

Question 6

Where does EXTERNAL respiration begin

Answer 6

At the level of the alveoli

Question 7

What is the name of the area where blood, lymphatics and nerves enter and exit within the lung

Answer 7

Hilum

Question 8

T/F

Lung lymphatics follows a predictable drainage pattern

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is the primary diagnostic tool for lung cancer

Answer 9

Chest X-ray

Question 10

What procedure has been increasing in recent years to help determine the extent of lung disease, specifically nodal involvement

Answer 10

PET-CT

Question 11

Most lung cancers in the US is…(small or non small cell)

Answer 11

Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Question 12

What lung cancer is always cause by smoking (small or non small)

Answer 12

Small cell (SCLC)

Question 13

T/F

All tumors of the apex of the lung are pan coast tumors

Answer 13

False

Question 14

T/F

SCLC has a worse prognosis than NSCLC

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the treatment of choice for early stage lung cancer

Answer 15

Surgery

Question 16

What is the margin for tumors causing SVC syndrome

Answer 16

Tumor+3cm

Question 17

What are the organ of interest when treating lung cancer

Answer 17

Spinal cord
Heart
Lung

Question 18

What are the prognostic indicators for lung cancer

Answer 18

Stage: the extent of the disease
Karnofsky score
Weight loss: >5% over 3 months

Question 19

Those with a <70 KPS, >5% weigh loss or advance INTRA-thoracic disease rarely survive longer than ______

Answer 19

2years

Question 20

Mesothelioma occurs primarily in _____

Answer 20

Men

Question 21

Respiratory system is consisted of …

Answer 21

Nose
Pharynx 
Larynx
Trachea 
Both lungs

Question 22

The lower respiratory system is consisted of …

Answer 22

Trachea and lungs

Question 23

The walls of the trachea is made up of…

Answer 23

Rings of cartilage
Smooth muscles
Connective tissue

Question 24

______ cells lines the trachea

Answer 24

Epithelial cells

Question 25

The trachea begins and ends where

Answer 25

Begins at the inferior border of the larynx and ends at T4-T5 where is bifurcate (carina)

Question 26

Thee lungs are encased in a ____

Answer 26

Visceral pleura

Question 27

Respiratory units consist of

Answer 27

Bronchioli Aveolar ducts Alveoli

Question 28

What is the mediastinum

Answer 28

Anatomy between the lungs. It includes: Heart, thymus and great vessels

Question 29

What determines the lymphatic flow within the lungs

Answer 29

Lung and blood pressure

Question 30

What is the major route of spread for lung cancer

Answer 30

Lymphatics (mainly) Blood vessels Direct extension

Question 31

What are the lymph nodes found within the lungs

Answer 31

Peri bronchial Inter lobar Hilar Segmental

Question 32

What are the lymph nodes found in the superior mediastinum

Answer 32

``` Superior mediastinum Pre tracheal Retro tracheal Upper Paratracheal and lower paratracheal Azygos ```

Question 33

What are the lymph nodes found in the inferior mediastinum

Answer 33

Cardinal Subcarina Paraesophageal Pulmonary ligament

Question 34

When treating with XRT, fields are designed to include....

Answer 34

Tumor, draining blood and lymphatics

Question 35

Symptoms include:

Answer 35

``` Cough Pain Dyspnea Dysphasia Hoarseness Hemoptysis ```

Question 36

What are pan coast tumors

Answer 36

``` Tumors in the superior sulcus Associated with Horner syndrome Bone erosion of ribs and sometimes vertebrae Pain around shoulder and arms Atrophy of hand muscles ```

Question 37

What are the signs of Horner's syndrome

Answer 37

Miosis (contracted pupils) Ptosis (eye drooping) Enophthalmos Anhydrosis (loss of sweating on one side)