Ch 22: Simulation Procedure

Question 1

Measurement of patient thickness is known as (3 possible terms)

Answer 1

Separation
IFD
Diameter

Question 2

Which is the largest : PTV, CTV, or GTV

Answer 2

PTV

Question 3

Which is the smallest: PTV, CTV, or GTV

Answer 3

GTV

Question 4

The ITV (internal tumor volume) is located between ____ and ____

Answer 4

Between CTV and PTV

Question 5

List the following in order from inner most to outer most:

PTV< GTV< CTV< ITV

Answer 5

GTV
CTV
ITV
PTV

Question 6

This planning technique uses a trial and error approach

Answer 6

Forward planning

Question 7

What is the angle between the central axes of 2 orthogonal beams

Answer 7

90 degrees

Question 8

What is the most important aspect of patient positioning

Answer 8

Patient comfort
Immobilizing the patient as much as possible
Reproducibility

Question 9

Examples of simple immobilization devices

Answer 9

Masking tape
Rubber bands for feet
Velcro straps
Bite block

Question 10

What is simple immobilization

Answer 10

A partially restrict movement but require pt. cooperation

Question 11

What are the contraindications to receiving contrast

Answer 11

Allergies to shellfish 
Kidney problems
Cardiac disease
Diabetes
High blood pressure 
Older than 50 years old

Question 12

Field size is defined at _______

Answer 12

The isocenter

Question 13

The movement of the pancreas during treatment is an example of…

Answer 13

Intra-fraction movement

Question 14

The gantry angles of orthogonal films are always 0 and 90

Answer 14

False. Angles can be anything, just have to be 90 degrees from one and other

Question 15

What is the most common reaction to contrast

Answer 15

Warmth and discomfort at the injection site

Question 16

What are mild relations to contrast

Answer 16

Nausea and vomitting
Altered taste
Sweats 
Cough
Itchy
Rash/hives

Question 17

What are moderate reactions to contrast

Answer 17

Tachycardia
Hypotension/hypertension
Bronchospasm
Dyspnea (SOB)

Question 18

What are severe reactions to contrast

Answer 18

Laryngeal edema
Convulsion
Cardiac arrest

Question 19

Why is non-ionic contrast preferred to ionic contrast

Answer 19

It’s has low osmality

Question 20

ITV represents…

Answer 20

CTV plus motion

Question 21

For head and neck CT Sim, the slice spacing should be _____ and the thickness should be ______

Answer 21

1mm spacing and 1mm slices

Question 22

Possible positioning aide

Answer 22

Foot box

Head holders

Question 23

What is the typical scanning region for prostate cancer

Answer 23

Iliac crest to pubic symphysis

Question 24

Respiratory gating with CT simulation require a pitch of____

Answer 24

Slow pitch 0.06

Question 25

In general _____ amino acids = ______nucleotides

Answer 25

1;3 1 amino acids has 3 nucleotides

Question 26

What is the impact of apoptosis on the cell survival curve

Answer 26

When apoptosis is ocurring, the cells are more sensitive and curve much sharper, much deeper thus D0 decrease and more sensitive to radiation.