LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Question 1

WHICH CELLS ARE IMPORTANT TO THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE

Answer 1

MACROPHAGES

Question 2

WHICH CELLS WOULD BE MOST ACTIVE IN EARLY, ANTIVIRAL IMMUNE RESPONSES THE FRIST TIME ONE IS EXPOSED TO A PATHOGEN

Answer 2

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

Question 3

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Answer 3

SYSTEM OF CELLS, VESSELS AND ORGANS THAT CARRIES EXCESS FLUIDS TO THE BLOODSTREAM AND FILTERS PATHOGENS FROM BLOOD

FUNCTION:
REMOVAL OF INTERSTITIAL FLUID
ABSORBS/TRANSPORTS FATTY ACIDS/FATS AS CHYLE FROM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
TRANSPORTS WBS TO LYMPH NODES
LYMPH TRANSPORTS ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS (EX-DENDRITIC CELLS) TO LYMPH NODES WHERE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE IS STIMULATED

Question 4

IMMUNE SYSTEM

Answer 4

COMPLEX COLLECTION OF CELLS AND ORGANS THAT DESTROYS/NEUTRALIZES PATHOGENS THAT WOULD OTHERWISE CAUSE DISEASE OR DEATH

3 STAGES:
BARRIER DEFENSE
INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSERIGH

Question 5

RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT

Answer 5

RECEIVES FROM ONLY UPPER RIGHT SIDE OF THE BODY

Question 6

THORACIC DUCT

Answer 6

RECEIVES LYMPH FROM THE REST OF THE BODY

Question 7

PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS

Answer 7

RED BONE MARROW

THYMUS GLAND

THESE ARE WHERE LYMPHOCYTES MATURE, PROLIFERATE AND ARE SELECTED

Question 8

LYMPHOCYTES

Answer 8

PRIMARY CELLS OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE:
B CELLS - PRODUCE ANTIBODIES

PLASMA VELLS - SECRETE SOLUBLE ANTIBODIES

T CELLS - SEARCH AND DESTROY, HELPERS

NATURAL KILLER CELLS - AMONG FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE AGAINST VIRUSES AND SOME CANCER

Question 9

LYMPH NODES

Answer 9

SECONDARY LYMPHATIC ORGANS

LYMPH ENTERS VIA AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS

LYMPH EXITS VIA EFFERENT VESSELS

B CELLS - FOUND IN OUTER CORTEX
T CELLS - FOUND IN INNER CORTEX
MEDULLA - PLASMA CELLS AND MACROPHAGES

Question 10

SPLEEN

Answer 10

SECONDARY LYMPH ORGAN

PRIMARILY ACTS AS A BLOOD FILTER THAT REMOVES OLD RBCs AND RECYCLES IRON

RESERVOIR FOR PLATELETS, RBCs, MONOCYTES (RED PULP)

ADAPTIVE T AND B CELL RESPONSES ARE MOUNTED (WHITE PULP)

Question 11

MALT

Answer 11

MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE

DIFFUSE SYSTEM OF SMALL CONCENTRATIONS OF LYMPHOID TISSUE FOUND IN VARIOUS SUBMUCOSAL MEMBRANE SITES OF THE BODY - POPULATED BY LYMPHOCYTES

SITUATED TO ENCOUNTER ANTIGENS PASSING THROUGH MUCOSAL EPITHELIUM - IMMUNE SURVAILLANCE

Question 12

INNATE VS ADAPTIVE

Answer 12

INNATE - RELATIVELY RAPID BUT NONSPECIFIC RESPONSE

PHAGOCYTES: NEUTROPHILS, MACROPHAGES, MONOCYTES
GRANULAR LEUKOCYTES: BASOPHILS, EOSINOPHILS
LYMPHOCYTES: NATURAL KILLER CELLS

Question 13

NEUTROPHILS

Answer 13

-PHAGOCYTIC GRANULOCYTE
-MOST ABUNDANT
-FIRST RESPONDER TO INJURY AND INFECTION
-RELEASE TOXIC GRANULES CONTAINING ENZYMES AND CHEM AGENTS, RAPIDLY CONSUMES INVADERS
-DOES NOT RETURN TO BLOOD - DEATH

Question 14

EOSINOPHILS

Answer 14

-GRANULOCYTE
-CRUCIAL PART IN KILLING OF PARASITES BC GRANULES CONTAIN UNIQUE TOXIC PROTEIN AND CATIONIC PROTEIN

Question 15

BASOPHILS

Answer 15

• GRANULOCYTE
  -LEAST ABUNDANT, LARGEST WBC
  -PRODUCE COMPOUNDS THAT COORDINATE IMMUNE RESPONSES (HISTAMINE, SEROTONIN) THAT INDUCE INFLAMMATION, AND HEPARIN THAT PREVENTS BLOOD FROM CLOTTING

Question 16

MAST CELLS

Answer 16

GRANULAR CELLS THAT PLAY A ROLE IN ALLERGIES AND ANAPHYLAXIS IN BOTH INNATE AND ADAPTIVE RESPONSES

Question 17

MONOCYTES

Answer 17

NONGRANULAR LEUKOCYTES THAT CIRC IN BLOOD BEFORE DIFFERENTIATING INTO EITHER MACROPHAGES OR DENDRITIC CELLS

Question 18

MACROPHAGES

Answer 18

ENGULF AND DIGEST PATHOGENS

Question 19

DENDRITIC CELLS

Answer 19

ACT AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE BC THE PROCESS ANTIGEN MATERIAL AND PRESENT IT ON THE CELL SURFACE TO T CELLS

Question 20

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

Answer 20

CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTE - RELEASE ENZYMES AND CHEMICALS THAT DIRECTLY KILL BACTERIA OR OTHER TARGETED CELLS

RELEASE PERFORIN - FORM CHANNELS IN THE TARGET CELL’S MEMBRANE ALLOWING FOR THE PASSIVE ENTRY OF GRANZYMES AND CALCIUM (PROMOTES CELL DEATH)

CAN BE ACTIVATED BY ANTIBODIES THAT HAVE A BOUND ANTIGEN - ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE

Question 21

COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

Answer 21

COMPONENT OF INNATE IMMUNITY THAT CONSISTS OF OVER 30 PROTEIN/PROTEIN FRAGMENTS THAT CIRCULATE IN BLOOD

CAN BE ACTIVATED BY ANTIBODIES TO MARK PATHOGENS AND CAUSE OPSONIZATION (SIGNAL PHAGOCYTE TO INGEST)

CLASSICAL PATHWAY AND ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY - CONVERGE ON MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX

Question 22

CLASSICAL PATHWAY

Answer 22

PART OF THE ADAPTIVE RESPONSE WHERE ANTIBODIES BIND TO ANTIGENS AND THIS COMPLEX BINDS TO C1 - WHICH ACTIVATES C3 PROTEIN

Question 23

ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY

Answer 23

PART OF THE INNATE RESPONSE WHERE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN LIPID-CARB COMPLEXES ON MICROBES AND COMPLEMENT FACTORS B, D, AND P ACTIVATE C3

Question 24

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Answer 24

DEFENDS AGAINST SPECIFIC ANTIGENS IN A SPECIFIC WAY

NON-ANTIBODY PRODUCING: APC’s (ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS)
LYMPHOCYTES: B CELLS, T CELLS, NATURAL KILLER CELLS

Question 25

ANTIBODY-MEDIATED IMMUNITY

Answer 25

PART OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY FORMS ITS DEFENSE AGAINST PATHOGENS PRESENT IN EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS OF BODY CONTOLLED BY B CELLS THAT PRODUCE ANTIBODIES THAT BIND TO ANTIGENS RENDERING THEM HARMLESS

Question 26

CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

Answer 26

PART OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY ATTACKS PATHOGENS THAT HAVE INVADED CELLS OF THE BODY CONTROLLED BY T CELLS THAT REACT TO ANTIGENS PRESENT ON SURFACE OF INFECTED CELL TRIGGERING THEIR DESTRUCTION

Question 27

MHC MOLECULE

Answer 27

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX - IS LARGE MOLECULE FOUND ON PLASMA MEMBRANES WHERE ANTIGENS ARE DISPLAYED ON THE MHC TO FLAG THE CELL AS INFECTED AND ALLOW IMMUNE CELLS TO REACT CLASS I - FOUND ON EVERY CELL IN BODY EXCEPT RBC, PRESENT ANTIGENS TO T CELLS CLASS II - ONLY FOUND ON B CELLS, MACROPHAGES; PRESENT ANTIGENS TO HELPER T CELLST

Question 28

T CELL SELECTION

Answer 28

POSITIVE SELECTION - CHECKING TO SEE IF THE THYMOCYTE (DEVELOPING T CELL) IS "ARMED" WITH 2 RECEPTORS NEGATIVE SELECTION - DETERMINES IF T CELL IS DANGER TO ITSELF: IF ANTIGENS FROM OTHER BODY CELLS BIND TO IT (IF THEY DO NOT = SAFE, IF ANY DO = NOT SAFE AND CELL DEATH)

Question 29

CLONAL SELECTION

Answer 29

OCCURS IN SECONDARY LYMPHOID TISSUE AND IS THE PROCESS OF MULTIPLICATION OF IMMUNE CELLS THAT RESPOND TO SPECIFIC ANTIGENS PRODUCES: EFFECTOR CELLS AND MEMORY CELLS

Question 30

EFFECTOR CELLS

Answer 30

IMMEDIATELY FIGHTING INFECTION (B CELLS THAT SECRETE ANTIBODIES)

Question 31

MEMORY CELLS

Answer 31

DO NOT TAKE PART IN INITIAL IMMUNE RESPONSE, BUT REMAIN IN CIRCULATION AFTER INFECTION IS OVER TO PERMIT MORE EFFICIENT REACTION NEXT TIME

Question 32

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

Answer 32

FIRST LYMPHOCYTES TO REACT TO AN INFECTION AND ARE ACTIVATED BY INTERFERONS OR CYTOKINES

Question 33

EPITOPES

Answer 33

SMALL IMMUNOLOGICALLY ACTIVE REGIONS OF AN ANTIGEN, BIND TO ANTIGEN SPECIFIC MEMBRANE THAT HELP ILICIT AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

Question 34

HIV

Answer 34

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS - ONLY VIRUS TO WIPE OUT IMMUNE SYSTEM COMPLETELY USES CD4 AS THE RECEPTOR TO GET INTO CELLS - RECEPTOR NEEDED TO PLAY IMPORTANT ROLE IN T CELL IMMUNE RESPONSE AND ANTIBODY RESPONSE