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Anaphy Midterms > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

body’s defense system against disease and damage

A

Lymphatic System

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2
Q

the ability to fight off pathogens and prevent disease

A

immunity

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3
Q

types of immunity

A

innate immunity (nonspecific)
adaptive immunity (specific)

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4
Q

it uses a combination of physical, chemical, and cellular defenses to maintain health

A

immunity

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5
Q
  • physical barriers
  • chemical barriers
  • cellular defenses

what immunity is this?

A

innate immunity

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6
Q
  • active immunity
  • passive immunity

what immunity is this?

A

adaptive immunity

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7
Q

what immunity is this?

present at birth

A

innate immunity

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8
Q

immediate response. what immunity is this?

A

innate immunity

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9
Q

_____ immunity is slower but precise

A

adaptive immunity

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10
Q

this immunity develops after exposure to specific pathogens

A

adaptive immunity

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11
Q

this immunity involves learning to recognize and remember pathogens for future defense

A

adaptive immunity

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12
Q

components of innate immunity?

A

first line of defense (skin and mucous membranes) and second line of defense (antimicrobial substances, inflammation fever, natural killer cells, phagocytes, and fever)

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13
Q

it is the first line of defense, blocking pathogen entry

A

skin and mucous membranes

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14
Q

it traps microbes

A

mucous membranes

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15
Q

it expels microbes

A

cilia and mucus

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16
Q

it engulfs and destroy pathogens

A

phagocytes

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17
Q

it destroys infected or cancerous cells

A

natural killer cells

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18
Q

it raises body temperature to inhibit microbial growth

A

fever

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19
Q

these are proteins that prevent viral replication

A

interferons

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20
Q

it enhances immune response, leading to pathogenlysis

A

complement system

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21
Q

it reduces iron availability to microbes

A

iron-binding proteins

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22
Q

it directly kill microbes

A

antimicrobial peptides

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23
Q

it is the body’s nonspecific response to tissue damage

A

inflammation

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24
Q

it increases interferon effectiveness

A

fever

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25
it inhibits microbial growth
fever
26
it speeds up body reactions
fever
27
it is a localized response to infection or injury
inflammation
28
it helps recruit immune cells to the site of damage
inflammation
29
it increases blood flow and permeability
inflammation
30
it responds to specific microbes
adaptive immunity
31
these are foreign substances that trigger immune response
antigens
32
2 types of lymphocytes involved in adaptive immunity and differentiate them
T lymphocytes (T cells) - it directly attack invaders B lymphocytes (B cells) - it produces antibodies
33
helps in fluid balance and lipid transport
lymphatic system
34
it drains excessive interstitial fluid and transports dietary lipids
lymphatic system
35
what carries the fats absorbed from the digestive system?
lymph
36
how does the lymphatic system prevents tissue swelling?
by returning fluid to the bloodstream
37
the lymphatic system carries out immune response by filtering harmful substances from __________
lymph
38
- it develops in bone marrow - produce antibodies
B cells
39
- it matures in the thymus - involves in cell-mediated immunity - attack infected cells directly
T cells
40
it is a clear fluid similar to blood plasma. It circulates through the lymphatic vessels
Lymph
41
it is a thin-walled structures that transport lymph throughout the body
lymphatic vessels
42
Filter lymph and house immune cells like B and T cells
lymph nodes
43
components of the lymphatic system
thymus, spleen, lymphatic nodules
44
_______________ - Small, blind-ended vessels that absorb interstitial fluid. - (start as ______-ended structure)
Lymphatic capillaries; blind
45
- main ducts of the lymphatic system - drain lymph into the bloodstream, returning it to circulation
thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
46
4 cardinal signs of inflammation
redness, swelling, heat and pain
47
which duct drains - the right side of the head and neck? - the right upper arm/ limb? - the right side of the thorax (chest), including right lung, right side of the heart and part of liver?
right lymphatic duct
48
where does the right lymphatic duct empties?
it drains into the **venous system** at the junction of the **right internal jugular vein** and the **right subclavian vein**
49
which duct drains - the entire left side of the body - the entire lower body
thoracic duct
50
The _______ duct drains into the venous system at the junction of the left internal jugular vein and the left subclavian vein
thoracic
51
- In tissue spaces between cells - Merge to form larger lymphatic vessels
lymphatic capillaries
52
the lymph drains back into the ____.
blood
53
what are the 2 pumps that aids in lymph movement?
skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump
54
it helps circulate immune cells to areas of infection or injury
lymphatic flow
55
______ is filtered from blood capillaries into interstitial spaces to become _______ fluid
blood plasma; interstitial
56
primary lymphatic organs
red bone marrow and thymus (where lymphocytes mature)
57
secondary lymphatic organs
lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic nodules (where immune responses are activated)
58
these organs are where stem cells mature into B and T cells
primary lymphatic organs
59
- located in flat bones and long bone ends - produces mature B cells and immature T cells
red bone marrow
60
Immature T cells migrate to the ______ to mature into functional T cells.
thymus
61
these lymphatic organs are sites where most immune responses occur
Secondary lymphatic organs
62
Concentrated near mammary glands, axillae, and groin.
lymph nodes
63
The largest mass of lymphatic tissue.
spleen
64
Egg-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue.
lymphatic nodules
65
A two-lobed organ located: - Posterior to the sternum - Medial to the lungs - Superior to the heart
thymus
66
it contains large numbers of T cells and macrophages
thymus
67
○ Located at intervals along lymphatic vessels ○ Masses of B cells and T cells surrounded by a capsule ○ Lymph flows through this
lymph nodes
68
Filter lymph and activate immune responses.
lymph nodes
69
it contains B cells, T cells, and macrophages.
lymph nodes
70
_____ vessels bring lymph into nodes. _____ vessels allow lymph to exit.
Afferent; Efferent
71
Contains lymphatic tissue where immune responses take place.
white pulp
72
Removes worn-out blood cells and platelets and stores platelets.
red pulp
73
Egg-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue
lymphatic nodules
74
in adaptive immunity, these cells are central to this system
T cells and B cells
75
T cells vs B cells
T cells - attack infected cells B cells - produce antibodies
76
Process where lymphocytes multiply to fight a specific antigen.
clonal selection
77
Actively fight infection.
effector cells
78
Stay in the body to quickly respond if the antigen returns.
memory cells
79
Activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells.
helper T cells
80
Destroy infected cells directly.
cytotoxic T cells
81
Transform into plasma cells, which produce antibodies
B cells
82
Types of Immunoglobulins Most common, provides long-term immunity
IgG
83
Types of Immunoglobulins: Found in mucous membranes
IgA
84
Types of Immunoglobulins: First produced during an immune response
IgM
85
Types of Immunoglobulins: Involved in B cell activation
IgD
86
Types of Immunoglobulins: Associated with allergic reactions
IgE
87
- Persist after an infection - Allow for a faster and stronger response if the same antigen is encountered again. - This is the basis of vaccinations.
memory cells
88
- introduces a harmless form of an antigen to stimulate the production of memory cells. - Provides long-term immunity without causing disease.
vaccination
89
leads to a decline in immune function.
aging

Anaphy Midterms (5 decks)

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