lymphatic system

Question 1

one way system of vessels much like capillaries and veins

Answer 1

lymphatic system

Question 2

contain small door like valves that are pushed open by high fluid pressure tissue

Answer 2

lymphatic capillaries

Question 3

converge somewhat like veins becoming larger and less numerous as they do so

Answer 3

lymphatic vessels

Question 4

how are lymphatic vessels similar to veins?

Answer 4

thin, low pressure vessels, contain semilunar valves,

Question 5

small balls of collective tissue with macrophages and lymphocytes to serve and filter toxins and attack disease organisms

Answer 5

lymph nodules

Question 6

consists of several nodules often grouped in areas such as the axillary and groin

Answer 6

lymph nodes

Question 7

where does fluid from the right portion of the body converge to?

Answer 7

The right lymphatic duct, which dumps into the right subclavain vein

Question 8

lymph from the rest of the body converges into the thoracic ducts dumps into the

Answer 8

left subclavian vein

Question 9

true or false: non specific defenses are technically not a part of the immue system

Answer 9

true

Question 10

What are examples of non specific defense

Answer 10

skin and most muscous membranes, HCL in stomach, white blood cells, anti-bacterial enzymes in tears, and saliva

Question 11

responds to chemicals released by damaged tissues

Answer 11

inflammatory response

Question 12

Inflammatory response includes the following symptoms

Answer 12

pain, swelling, and heat with inflammation

Question 13

The main cells of the immune system

Answer 13

lymphocytes

Question 14

lymphocytes target foreign

Answer 14

antigens

Question 15

Two categories of lymphocytes are

Answer 15

B cells and T cells

Question 16

Cells that mature in the bone marrow and thymus

Answer 16

B Cells and T Cells

Question 17

antibody producing cells

Answer 17

B Cells

Question 18

What are the three populations of T cells?

Answer 18

Tc cell , Th cell, Ts cell

Question 19

Cells that remain dormant unless they are presented with the antigen again

Answer 19

memory cells

Question 20

cells that begin producing antibodies

Answer 20

plasma cells

Question 21

When do Tc cells and Th cells become activated?

Answer 21

When they plug into antigens that are displayed by macrophages

Question 22

When Tc and Th cells plug into an antigen, what gets stimulated ?

Answer 22

T Cells which stimulate mitosis

Question 23

proteins which slightly resemble . a Y shape set of handcuffs on a stick

Answer 23

immunoglobins/ antibodies

Question 24

Two most common antibodies

Answer 24

IgG and IgM

Question 25

Antibody produced by B cells during primary exposure

Answer 25

IgM

Question 26

Antibodies produced by B cells upon subsequent exposures

Answer 26

IgG

Question 27

Between IgG and IgM, which is the bigger one and which is smaller?

Answer 27

IgM is bigger, IgG is smaller

Question 28

Which antibody is too large to leave the blood?

Answer 28

IgM

Question 29

true/false: our second immune response is much stronger than the first

Answer 29

true

Question 30

Why is our second immune response stronger than the first?

Answer 30

The antibody IgG is small enough to leave the blood, allowing it to fight infections all over the body. There are also more antibodies and memory cells ready

Question 31

Antibody found in breast milk and body fluids

Answer 31

IgA

Question 32

Transfer of antibodies from one person to another

Answer 32

Passive immunity

Question 33

placenta and breast milk are examples of what type of passive immunity?

Answer 33

Natural

Question 34

Short term immunity

Answer 34

Passive immunity

Question 35

Gamma globin and some antioxidins are examples of

Answer 35

artificial passive immunity

Question 36

Long lasting immunity which involves building up the immune system with memory cells

Answer 36

Active immunity

Question 37

Chicken pox is an example of

Answer 37

natural active immunity

Question 38

Vaccines are examples of

Answer 38

artificial active immunity

Question 39

antigen which makes b cells stimulate the antibody IgE

Answer 39

allergens

Question 40

The molecule which releases histamine

Answer 40

IgE

Question 41

Histamine is released when the antigen ______ presents itself by______

Answer 41

allergen, IgE

Question 42

What cells do allergy shots build up?

Answer 42

Ts cells - suppressing our immune response

Question 43

Examples of autoimmune diseases include

Answer 43

Multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and rheumatic fever

Question 44

Aids attacks which cells?

Answer 44

Th cells

Question 45

several lymph vessels at a sac-like structure

Answer 45

cisterna chyli

Question 46

Where does the thoracic duct start

Answer 46

junction called cisterna chyli

Question 47

Lymph nodules and nodes are often grouped in what areas

Answer 47

cervical, ingual, axilla

Question 48

Specialized lymphatic organs/ tissues

Answer 48

thymus, red marrow, tonsils, peyers patches, spleen

Question 49

mixture of T-lymphocytes and hormone producing cells that help to activate them

Answer 49

Thymus

Question 50

2 distinct areas of the spleen

Answer 50

White pulp, red pulp

Question 51

Strands of lymphocytes clustered around branches of the splenic artery

Answer 51

White pulp

Question 52

When RBC recycling occurs

Answer 52

Red pulp

Question 53

Acts as a blood resevouir incase of blood loss

Answer 53

spleen

Question 54

Innate defenses are

Answer 54

non specific defenses

Question 55

What are the two categories of innate defenses

Answer 55

skin barriers, internal defenses

Question 56

skin defenses of innate defense are

Answer 56

skin and mucous membranes

Question 57

Internal defenses of innate defenses are

Answer 57

phagocytes, inflammation, natural killer cells, fever, antimicrobial proteins

Question 58

Defenses that are specific to a particular antigen

Answer 58

Adaptive defenses

Question 59

Adaptive defenses are divided into two groups

Answer 59

Humoral immunity, cellular immunity

Question 60

Humoral immunity involves

Answer 60

B cells

Question 61

Cellular immunity involves

Answer 61

T cells

Question 62

Mucous ,nasal hair, ciliated epithelium, and certain reflexes help the body

Answer 62

get rid of pathogens

Question 63

destroy pathogens or protect uninfected cells.

Answer 63

antimicrobial proteins

Question 64

proteins which are produced by infected cells that can protect nearby cells from viral infections

Answer 64

interferons

Question 65

rip holes into target cells. can sometimes attach to microorganisms surface via triggers. immune system antibodies tell them which cells to target

Answer 65

complement proteins