Respiration

Question 1

irregularly shaped bones which increase surface area for air to pass over. Assist with warming, filtration, and humidifcation of air

Answer 1

nasal conche

Question 2

muscular tube lined with stratified squamous epithlium which is part of the digestive tract

Answer 2

pharynx

Question 3

uppermost portion of the pharynx behind the nasal cavity

Answer 3

nasopharynx

Question 4

elastic cartilage responsible for the opening and closing of the larynx

Answer 4

epiglottis

Question 5

The larynx is

Answer 5

the voice box.

Question 6

Short thick tube made of psuedostratified epithlium

Answer 6

larynx

Question 7

2 cartiliages which enclose the larynx

Answer 7

thyroid cartiliage and cricoid cartilage

Question 8

thyroid cartilage

Answer 8

adams apple

Question 9

inferior ring shaped part of larynx cartilage enclosure

Answer 9

cricoid cartilage

Question 10

uppermost portion of the pharynx behind the nasal cavity

Answer 10

nasopharynx

Question 11

second portion of larynx behind the mouth

Answer 11

orphopharynx

Question 12

last portion of pharynx behind open epiglottis

Answer 12

laryngopharynx

Question 13

part of the larynx, composed of connective tissue sheets whos air flow regulation and vibration allow us to generate sounds varying pitch

Answer 13

vocal cords

Question 14

is a tube supported by numerous cartilage “C-rings. (windpipe)

Answer 14

trachea

Question 15

what is the first portion of the trachea ?

Answer 15

primary bronchi

Question 16

two branches in the trachea which carry air to each lung

Answer 16

primary bronchi

Question 17

order in which air enters the trachea and into the lungs

Answer 17

primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, teritiary bronchi, bronchiols, alevolar ducts, alveoli

Question 18

microscopic air sacs

Answer 18

alveoli

Question 19

increasing volume in the thoracic cavity and the lungs, thereby reducing pressure, so that air flows in to compensate for the extra space “created

Answer 19

inhalation

Question 20

when we inhale the diaphram

Answer 20

flattens, creating more thoracic volume

Question 21

when we inhale, the external intercostals

Answer 21

raise and spread the rib cage like an accordian

Question 22

when we inhale, the scalene

Answer 22

raises the rib cage

Question 23

three factors involved in inhalation

Answer 23

diaphram, external intercostals, scalenes

Question 24

All of these muscles increase thoracic volume and lower intra thoracic pressure, thus allowing inhalation to occur.

Answer 24

diaphram, external intercostals, scalenes

Question 25

the ability to breathe is called

Answer 25

respiratory compliance

Question 26

chemical produced in the lungs that prevents the alveoli from sticking together,

Answer 26

alveoli surficant

Question 27

true/false: respiratory rate must increase in order to replenish depleted blood

Answer 27

true

Question 28

human bodies normal breathing strategy is to

Answer 28

ventilate air into sacs and keep minimum residual volume in lungs

Question 29

true/false: the lungs are completely emptied and then refilled with air

Answer 29

false- they are not completely empty

Question 30

where is the respiratory center?

Answer 30

medulla oblongata

Question 31

sends volleys of impulses to the muscles of inspiration with each revolution

Answer 31

ventral respiratory group

Question 32

influences the VGR by coordinating feedback from stretch receptors in the lung and other feedback re breathing rate.

Answer 32

Dorsal respiratory group

Question 33

regulating the balance of inhalation/exhalation is

Answer 33

Hering- Breur reflex

Question 34

promote our normal, regular respiratory rate at rest.

Answer 34

medulla pons/ reflexes

Question 35

true/false: Any slight drop in pH or increase in CO2 increases respiratory rate

Answer 35

true

Question 36

Any slight drop in pH or increase in CO2 increases respiratory rate

Answer 36

direct medullary effect

Question 37

strongest stimulators of respiratory rate

Answer 37

chemoreceptors in wall of aorta and carotid arteries

Question 38

true/false :the body is very sensitive to CO2 and acid levels

Answer 38

true

Question 39

actions which increase blood CO2 levels (such as exercise) stimulate

Answer 39

increased respiratory rate

Question 40

actions which increase blood oxygen and decrease blood CO2 levels

Answer 40

depress respiratory rate

Question 41

allow air into the entrance of the nasal cavity

Answer 41

nostrils

Question 42

we switch back to stratified squamous in to _____ pharynx

Answer 42

oropharynx

Question 43

cartilage box with epiglottis acting as a lid

Answer 43

larynx

Question 44

Shunts air into the trachea and regulatory of air flow. voice box

Answer 44

larynx

Question 45

Some muscles are attached to the _______ and _______ to to adjust tension on vocal cords and pitch of vowel sound

Answer 45

arytenoid and corniculate

Question 46

How many primary bronchi are there?

Answer 46

2

Question 47

several secondary bronchi go into each

Answer 47

lobe

Question 48

several teritary bronchi go in

Answer 48

segments

Question 49

composed of superior middle, inferior lobes

Answer 49

right lung

Question 50

composed of superior and inferior lobes only

Answer 50

left lung

Question 51

where does gas exchange happen in respiratory tract?

Answer 51

brochiols

Question 52

true or false: Pressure and volume are inversely proportional

Answer 52

true

Question 53

pressure and volume have a ______ relationship

Answer 53

inverse

Question 54

_____ pressure forces diaphram back up in expiration

Answer 54

abdominal

Question 55

normal breath

Answer 55

tidal volume

Question 56

500 ml, 10 percent of lung capacity

Answer 56

tidal volume

Question 57

in order for some air for to be blood passing through the lungs between breaths we need to maintain

Answer 57

residual volume

Question 58

vital capacity is

Answer 58

inspiratory reserve and expiratory reserve

Question 59

air that can be forced in

Answer 59

inspiratory reserve

Question 60

air that can be forced out

Answer 60

expiratory reserve

Question 61

total lung capacity is

Answer 61

vital capacity + residual volume

Question 62

is more work done for inspiration or expiration?

Answer 62

inspiration

Question 63

True/False- IRV is much higher than ERV

Answer 63

True

Question 64

Why is IRV higher than ERV

Answer 64

Much more work involved in IRV

Question 65

A mixture of gases contributes to

Answer 65

total pressure

Question 66

pressure contributed by each gas is

Answer 66

partial pressure

Question 67

true/false- partial pressure is proportional to its concentration

Answer 67

true

Question 68

Normal partial pressure of oxygen is _____ but diluts down to ____ when mixed with water vapor and old air space

Answer 68

160 _____ 104

Question 69

Oxygen diffuses from high PO2 in the alveoli to lower PO2 in the capillaries is called

Answer 69

external respiration

Question 70

At the tissue capillaries, oxygen diffuses from high PO2 in the capillaries to lower PO2 in the interstitial fluid. Thisiscalled

Answer 70

internal respiration