Endocrine system part 2

Question 1

What controls the nuerohypophysis

Answer 1

the hypothalamus

Question 2

a trunk of axons containing the cell bodies in the hypothalamus with storage bulbs of the axon in the neurophysis

Answer 2

hypothalamic- hypophyseal tract

Question 3

this thin connecting stalk connects the nuerohypohysis to the hypothalamus

Answer 3

infundibulum

Question 4

what two hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

Answer 4

oxytocin and ADH

Question 5

ADH is important for

Answer 5

water conservation and maintaining BP

Question 6

Tropic hormones belong to

Answer 6

the anterior pituitary

Question 7

hormones that control funcitons of other endocrine glands

Answer 7

tropic hormones

Question 8

somatotropin

Answer 8

Growth hormone

Question 9

Growth hormone is released from

Answer 9

anterior pituitary

Question 10

true or false: growth hormone encourages growth of only some cells

Answer 10

false

Question 11

particularly sensitive are muscle, nerve, and cartilage/bone-forming tissues (such as the epiphyseal plate)

Answer 11

growth hormone

Question 12

this hormone encourages protein synthesis and helps use available energy sources. Affects metabolism and can increase sugar levels

Answer 12

growth hormone

Question 13

what does hyposecretion of growth hormone cause? what does hypersecretion cause?

Answer 13

Hypo= Dwarfism 
Hyper= Gigantisim

Question 14

Mammary glands hormone

Answer 14

prolactin

Question 15

activates milk production/ secretion

Answer 15

prolactin

Question 16

What controls the release of prolactin ? what stimulates its release ?

Answer 16

hypothalamic PIH (Prolactin inhibiting hormone) it can be stimulated by high estrogen levels

Question 17

true or false : Inhibiting PIH while estrogen levels are high increases prolactin output.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

hypersecretion of prolactin can cause

Answer 18

excess milk production and large breast

Question 19

Although not understood why, this hormone seems to reduce fertility

Answer 19

prolactin

Question 20

hormone which causes melanocytes to release more melanin.

Answer 20

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH

Question 21

What are the four tropic hormones

Answer 21

Adrenocoritcotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle stimulatinng hormone (FSH), Lutenizing hormone (LH) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 22

release glucocorticoids

Answer 22

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 23

adrenocorticotropic hormone is released from

Answer 23

adrenal cortex

Question 24

stimulates follicular cells in the ovary to produce estrogen and up-regulates these cells to become more sensitive to LH. It also promotes spermatogenesis in males.

Answer 24

Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 25

stimulates the follicle cells to induce ovulation, and converts the exploded follicle into the corpus luteum, a powerful progesterone/estrogen producing tissue.

Answer 25

LH

Question 26

Called ICSH in males , stimulates testosterone release

Answer 26

LH

Question 27

cells to produce and release thyroxin

Answer 27

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 28

What two hormones does the thyroid produce

Answer 28

thyroid hormone and calcitonin

Question 29

`secreted by follicular cells

Answer 29

thyroid hormone

Question 30

made from tyrosine and amino acids

Answer 30

thyroid hormone

Question 31

how many amino acids make thyroid hormone? what is significant about the number? example T3

Answer 31

2 amino acids. the number next to T is the amound of iodine

Question 32

mixture of thyroglobin, iodine and enzyme in follicle is referred to as

Answer 32

colloid

Question 33

most obvious effect of TH is

Answer 33

stimulating proper metabolism (burning calories stimulates burning fat synthesis)

Question 34

what does hyposecretion of thyroid hormone produce? hypersecretion?

Answer 34

``` hypo= weight gain, low body temp, weakness, cretensim in children, reduced mental function in adults. hyper= weight loss, wasting of tissues, graves disease, ```

Question 35

4 small glands embedded in posterior of thyroid gland

Answer 35

parathyroids

Question 36

antagonist of calcitonin

Answer 36

parathyroid hormone

Question 37

encourages osteoclast activity in bone cells, also tends to increase production of vitamin D (enhances absorption of Ca++ form the gut)

Answer 37

parathyroid hormone

Question 38

work together to raise blood calcium levels

Answer 38

parathyroid gland stimulating vitamin D production and absorbing calcium from small intestine

Question 39

true or false: adrenal gland is composed of an outer cortex and inner medulla

Answer 39

true

Question 40

what kind of hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete?

Answer 40

mostly steroid hormones

Question 41

which specific hormones doe the adreneal cortex secrete

Answer 41

aldosterone, cortisol, small amount of androgens

Question 42

what kind of hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete

Answer 42

amino acid based hormones

Question 43

what specfic hormones are associated with adrenal medulla

Answer 43

epinephrin and norepinephrin

Question 44

short term response to associated with

Answer 44

adrenal medulla flight or fight response

Question 45

what happens in the short term response in flight or fight response

Answer 45

increase heart rate, blood pressure, metabloism, and dialation of bronchiols

Question 46

3 areas of adrenal cortex

Answer 46

zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis

Question 47

outermost part of adrenal cortex

Answer 47

zona glomrulosa

Question 48

middle part of adrenal cortex, straight column of cells

Answer 48

zona fasciculata

Question 49

innner part of adrenal cortex, irregulari bundle of cells closest to medulla

Answer 49

zona reticularis

Question 50

clumps of hormone producing cells from pancreas

Answer 50

pancreatic islets

Question 51

what do beta cells in islets secrete

Answer 51

insulin

Question 52

antagonist of insulin

Answer 52

glucagon

Question 53

released by alpha cells of pancreas

Answer 53

glucagon