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[HIST100A] Finals > Lymphoid System pt.1 > Flashcards

Lymphoid System pt.1 Flashcards

first half of transes (76 cards)

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1
Q

The main purpose of lymphoid system is to detect and inactivate foreign substances such as: (4)

A
  1. Invading microorganisms
  2. Transplanted organ cells
  3. Foreign materials
  4. Cancer cells
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2
Q

Brings nutrients from blood vessels to cells and picks up waste products

A

Lymph

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3
Q

Formed when interstitial fluid seeps into lymphatic vessels; also contains lymphocytes, proteins, and sometimes bacteria or metastatic tumor cells

A

Lymphatic Fluid or Lymph

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4
Q

Lymph draining the gut that is milky and contains a lot of triglycerides

A

Chyle

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5
Q

Usually what color is lymph

A

Clear

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6
Q

Vessels that eventually merge together and empty into the blood circulation via the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

A

Lymphatic vessels

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7
Q

The lymphatic fluid generally flows through the lymphatic system, beginning at the _____ and _________ and draining into the ________ ____. This subsequently drains the lymph to the __________ _____ found on the sides of the neck.

A
  1. Liver
  2. Intestine
  3. Thoracic duct
  4. Subclavian veins
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8
Q

Equivalent to the plasma of the blood circulation

A

Lymphatic fluid

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9
Q

Came from plasma

A

Lymph

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10
Q

When blood goes to the interstitial spaces for distribution of nutrients, the waste product of it can be sucked by the lymphatic system to bring it back to the heart via _________ ___________.

A

Lymphatic Circulation

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11
Q

Lymphatic circulation (5)

A
  1. Right lymphatic duct
  2. Left lymphatic duct (Thoracic duct)
  3. Vein around the neck
  4. Vena cava
  5. Heart
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12
Q

The stroma of all lymphoid organs is composed of?

A

Reticulin fibers

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13
Q

The stroma of all lymphoid organs is composed of reticulin fibers except for?

A

Thymus

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14
Q

The stroma of the thymus is composed of?

A

Cell processes of epithelial reticular cells

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15
Q

Example of supportive tissues of lymphoid organs

A

Liver

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16
Q

2 parts of lymphoid organs

A
  1. Stroma
  2. Parenchyma
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17
Q

Supporting tissues of lymphoid organs

A

Stroma

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18
Q

Part of lymphoid organs made up of functional cells

A

Parenchyma

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19
Q

2 precursor of blood cells

A
  1. Myeloid
  2. Lymphoid
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20
Q

Precursor of rbc, neutrophils, basophils, macrophages, monocytes

A

Myeloid

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21
Q

Precursor of lymphocytes

A

Lymphoid

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22
Q

Non-phagocytic cells but produce toxic substances that could kill

A

Lymphocytes

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23
Q

Cells produced by lymphocytes (3)

A
  1. B lymphocytes (B cells)
  2. T lymphocytes (T cells)
  3. Natural killer (NK) cells
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24
Q

Usually kills cancer cells and infected cells

A

Natural killer (NK) cells

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25
All lymphocytes have surface receptors that recognize infected cells. True or False?
True
26
Technique used to look for markers (molecules) on surface of cells
Flow Cytometry
27
Antigen-presenting cells of Lymphoid System (2)
1. Macrophages 2. Dendritic cells
28
Digests foreign body, then will present it to T lymphocytes for recognition
Macrophages
29
Antigen-presenting accessory cells
Dendritic cells
30
Phagocytic blood cells (3)
1. Neutrophils 2. Monocytes 3. Eosinophils
31
Blood cell that releases inflammatory substance which results to inflammatory reaction
Mast cells
32
2 main ways lymphocytes fight intruders
Humoral and Cellular immunity
33
Immunity which turn B cells into plasma cells, which make antibodies that coat and eliminate bugs
Humoral Immunity
34
Immunity which turn T cells into cytotoxic T cells which kill infected cells and helper T cells which help other cells do their jobs
Cellular Immunity
35
Arise, differentiate, and become immunocompetent in primary lymphoid organs
Lymphocytes
36
2 primary lymphoid organs
1. Bone Marrow 2. Thymus
37
Where all lymphocytes arise, where B cells and NK cells mature, and where immature T cell precursors originate
Bone Marrow
38
T cells mature here
Thymus
39
T cells finish maturing in the thymus and leave as ____ and ____ cells.
CD4+ and CD8+
40
Also called T-helper cells, T-suppressor cells, and cytotoxic T-cells; help body fight infections
CD4+
41
Also called cytotoxic T-lymphocytes; help fight cancer intracellular pathogens
CD8+
42
Consists of lobes, capsule, and septa; septa incompletely divide the lobes into numerous lobules
Thymus
43
Part of thymus made of connective tissue
Septa
44
Where is thymus located?
Mediastinum
45
2 regions of lobes of thymus
1. Cortex - peripheral; darker staining 2. Medulla - central; lighter staining
46
Cells of thymus (2)
1. T cells (thymocytes) 2. Thymic epithelial reticular cells
47
T cells in the ______ are in various stages of differentiation.
cortex
48
T cells in the _______ are mature.
medulla
49
Abundant cytoplasm, large lightly-staining nuclei and long cytoplasmic processes attached to processes of adjacent cells by desmosomes
Thymic epithelial reticular cells
50
In the outer cortex, T-cells undergo _________ if they can’t bind well enough to cell receptors.
selection
51
if T-cells bind too well to ____ cells, they die.
self
52
So many T cells are produced, but __% die
97%
53
made of degenerating epithelial reticular and keratin filaments; found only in medulla
Hassll’s corpuscle
54
Arterioles and capillaries in the cortex are surrounded by epithelial reticular cells with tight junctions, forming a what? This excludes most circulating antigens
Blood-thymus barrier
55
Has no afferent lymphatics, and does not filter lymph like a lymph node does
Thymus
56
Thymus is well developed at when?
Before birth
57
Thymus is heaviest at when?
Puberty
58
Thymus dissolves but never completely disappears at when?
After puberty
59
Thymus is composed mainly of connective tissue and fat, but it is still capable of producing lymphocytes at when?
Old age
60
Secondary lymphoid organs traps ________ and initiate ______ responses.
antigens | immune
61
Consist of lymphoid follicles and diffuse lymphoid tissue in different architectural arrangements; lymphoid cells can undergo further maturation here too
Secondary lymphoid organs
62
3 secondary lymphoid organs
1. Lymph nodes 2. Spleen 3. Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue
63
Main function of secondary lymphoid organs
Trap antigens and present them to circulating lymphocytes
64
Capable of producing lymphocytes when the need arises
Secondary lymphoid organs
65
Filter lymph; swells when there’s infection around the area
Lymph nodes
66
Secondary lymphoid organ that filters blood
Spleen
67
Filters antigens that attempt to cross mucosal surfaces
MALT
68
Side of lymph node also known as hilum
Concave side
68
4 structures passing through hilum
going in: 1. Artery 2. Nerve going out: 3. Vein 4. Efferent lymphatic vessel
69
Side of lymph node with afferent lymphatic vessel going in
Convex side
70
Lymph Node Architecture (3)
1. Outer cortex 2. Paracortex (Inner cortex) 3. Medulla
71
Structure of lymph node that contains lymphoid follicles (composed of B-cells) and where T cells undergo active proliferation
Outer cortex
72
Structure of lymph node that contains T cells and high endothelial venules
Paracortex (Inner cortex)
73
Structure of lymph node that is composed of cords (containing B cells & macrophages) and sinuses (containing reticular fibers, lymph, circulating cells, & antigens)
Medulla
74
Structure of lymph node that contains nodules
Cortex
75
Structure of lymph node where cells differentiate
Germinal center (follicle)

[HIST100A] Finals (4 decks)

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