Respiratory System

Question 1

3 Principal Regions of Respiratory System

Answer 1

1. Conducting portion
2. Respiratory portion
3. Structures of ventilating mechanism

Question 2

Region of respiratory system which consists of nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

Answer 2

Conducting portion

Question 3

Region of respiratory system which consists of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

Answer 3

Respiratory portion

Question 4

Region of respiratory system that creates pressure differences that move air. It includes diaphragm, rib cage, intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles, and elastic connective tissue in lungs.

Answer 4

Structures of the ventilating mechanism

Question 5

System of ducts that conduct air to alveoli in lungs, responsible for conditioning of air (warming, moistening) and removal of particulate materials

Answer 5

Conducting portion

Question 6

What cartilage is present in larynx, trachea, extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary bronchi?

Answer 6

Hyaline cartilage

Question 7

Types of cells in the epithelium of conducting portion (2)

Answer 7

1. Ciliated cells
2. Goblet cells

Question 8

Changes in the epithelium from nasal cavity to alveoli of lungs (4)

Pc Sccs

Answer 8

1. Pseudostratified columnar
2. Simple columnar
3. Simple cuboidal
4. Simple squamous

Question 9

Part of throat behind nasal passage that filters inhaled air to protect body from airborne infectious agents and other potentially harmful particles

Answer 9

Nasopharynx

Question 10

Nasopharynx is connected to the ear by 2 openings found on each side

Answer 10

Eustachean tubes

Question 11

3 main layers of nasopharynx

Answer 11

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Adventitia

Question 12

Layer of nasopharynx consisting of epithelium, which is the most superficial, and lamina propria, which forms the tissue beneath the epithelium

Answer 12

Mucosa

Question 13

Sublayer of nasopharynx which consists of loose connective tissue, intermixed with blood vessels and immune cells

Answer 13

Lamina propria

Question 14

Layer of nasopharynx which is a connective tissue layer containing seromucous glands

Answer 14

Submucosa

Question 15

Deepest layer of nasopharynx separating it from surrounding tissues; consists of connective tissue

Answer 15

Adventitia

Question 16

2 main types of epithelium in nasopharynx

Answer 16

1. Squamous epithelium
2. Respiratory epithelium

Question 17

Tube kept open by hyaline or elastic (epiglottis) cartilage

Answer 17

Larynx

Question 18

Type of muscle that surrounds cartilage on outside and present between the cartilage and mucosa of larynx

Answer 18

Skeletal muscle

Question 19

Mucosa of larynx consists of pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing cilia and goblet cells. True or False?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Type of epithelium in mucosa of larynx that is only in epiglottis and vocal folds

Answer 20

Unkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 21

Has 20 C-shaped hyaline cartilages whose submucosa has mixed glands

Answer 21

Trachea

Question 22

Mucosa of trachea has pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells. True or False?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

2 main extrapulmonary structures histologically similar to trachea

Answer 23

Bronchi

Question 24

Intrapulmonary bronchi (3)

Answer 24

1. Primary bronchi
2. Secondary bronchi
3. Tertiary bronchi

Question 25

Lobar bronchi

Answer 25

Primary bronchi

Question 26

Segmental bronchi

Answer 26

Secondary bronchi

Question 27

Interlobular bronchi

Answer 27

Tertiary bronchi

Question 28

The lining epithelium of intrapulmonary bronchi is stratified columnar epithelium containing cilia and goblet cells. True or False?

Answer 28

False - should be "pseudostratified columnar"

Question 29

Type of muscle between mucosa and cartilage of intrapulmonary bronchi

Answer 29

Smooth muscle

Question 30

Glands that lie between muscle layer and cartilaginous plates of intrapulmonary bronchi

Answer 30

Mixed glands

Question 31

Cartilage in intrapulmonary bronchi

Answer 31

Irregular cartilaginous plates

Question 32

Smallest branches of bronchi

Answer 32

Bronchioles

Question 33

Bronchioles penetrating lobule at its apex

Answer 33

Preterminal bronchiole

Question 34

Bronchioles entering inside the lobule, branches into

Answer 34

Terminal bronchioles

Question 35

Lining epithelium of bronchioles

Answer 35

* Simple columnar - larger bronchioles * Tall cuboidal - smaller bronchioles

Question 36

Are goblet cells present in the epithelium of bronchioles?

Answer 36

No

Question 37

Tall, non-ciliated secretory cells, produce surfactant appear in bronchioles

Answer 37

Cells of Clara

Question 38

Consists of smaller ducts and sacs; lie inside lung lobules; provides exchange of gases

Answer 38

Respiratory portion

Question 39

Branch from terminal bronchioles and have alveoli

Answer 39

Respiratory bronchioles

Question 40

Lining epithelium of respiratory bronchioles

Answer 40

High cuboidal epithelium

Question 41

Thin bulging sacs in walls of respiratory bronchioles where gas exchange takes place

Answer 41

Alveoli

Question 42

Long air passages

Answer 42

Alveolar ducts

Question 43

Round air spaces surrounded by clusters of alveoli

Answer 43

Alveolar sacs

Question 44

Connective tissue separating neighboring alveoli

Answer 44

Interalveolar septa

Question 45

Direct contact between 2 alveoli

Answer 45

Alveolar pores

Question 46

Basic structures of lung (3)

Answer 46

1. Alveolar sacs 2. Alveoli 3. Interalveolar septa

Question 47

2 types of cells in the epithelium of alveoli

Answer 47

1. Pneumocyte (alveolocytes) type I 2. Pneumocyte type II (surfactant secreting cells)

Question 48

Lining epithelium of alveoli where alveolocytes are present

Answer 48

Simple squamous alveolar epithelium

Question 49

Decrease surface tension in alveoli preventing their collapsing

Answer 49

Surfactant

Question 50

Also called dust cells, present in the cavity

Answer 50

Alveolar macrophages

Question 51

Barriers between air and blood (4) CBBC

Answer 51

1. Cytoplasm of epithelium lining of alveoli 2. Basal lamina of epithelium 3. Basal lamina of capillary endothelium 4. Cytoplasm of capillary endothelium

Question 52

Branches of pulmonary artery form capillaries in interalveolar septa carry oxygenated blood. True or False?

Answer 52

False - should be "deoxygenated"

Question 53

Bronchial arteries supply walls of bronchi and connective tissue. True or False?

Answer 53

True