M/C Flashcards
1
Q
- Net primary productivity is the gross primary productivity less:
a) which is consumed by herbivore
b) which is consumed by the producer in metabolism
c) secondary productibity
d) loss due to mortality
A
which is consumed by the producer in metabolism ( lost as heat )
2
Q
which of following is secondary consumer: a) a carnivore b) a herbivore c) a plant dall above
A
carnivore
3
Q
which organism is primary consumer/
a) autotroph
b) horse parasite
c) oak tree parasite
d) wolf
e) seeweed
A
an oak tree parasite
4
Q
which trophic level is incorrectly defined?
a) carnivores: secondary/ tertiary consumer
b) decomposers- microbial heterotrophs
c) herbivores- primary consumer
d) omnivores- molds, yeast and mushrooms
e) producers- autotrophs
A
d) NOT CORRECT: omnivores are not holds, yeasts and mushrooms
5
Q
carnivores rep what trophic level?
a) producers
b) primary consumers
c) secondary consumers
d) decomposers
A
secondary consumsers
6
Q
which is a producer?
a) termites
b) bacteria
c) algae
d) grasshoppers
A
algae
7
Q
- Which of the following is true about the origin of different organelles in eukaryotes?
(1) Infolding of membrane forms nucleus (2) Cyanobacteria become chloroplasts (3) Purple bacteria become mitochondria
A. (1) only
B. (1) and (2)
C. (2) and (3)
D. All of the above
A
All of the above
8
Q
Alveolates have membrane-enclosed sacs (alveoli)
A. just under the cell membrane
B. in their lungs
C. in their nucleus
A
A. just under the cell membrane
9
Q
Brown algae can float in water because they have A. blade
B. stipe
C. holdfast
D. gas bladder
A
D. gas bladder
10
Q
In diatom, silica is found in A. cell wall B. cell membrane C. cytoplasm D. chloroplast
A
A. cell wall
11
Q
Which of the following groups is closest to plants in terms of evolutionary relationship? A. Chlorophyte B. Charophyte C. Archaeplastida D. SAR Clade
A
B. Charophyte
12
Q
What are the four kingdoms of Eukaryotes?
A. Plantae, Animalia, Archeabacteria and Fungi
B. Plantae, Animalia, Archeabacteria and Eubacteria
C. Plantae, Animalia, Fungi and Protista
D. Plantae, Animalia, Fungi and Eubacteria
A
C. Plantae, Animalia, Fungi and Protista
13
Q
Eukaryotes are much more complex than prokaryotes because they have:
A. much larger than prokaryotes (>1mm)
B. nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
C. complex morphology and complex life: mitosis and meiosis
D. All of the above
A
D. All of the above
14
Q
Which of the following features is shared by all plants? A. Have leaves B. Have roots C. Have seeds to protect embryo D. Have alternation of generations
A
D. Have alternation of generations
15
Q
Which of the following is correct regarding the formation spores and gametes in all plants?
A. Both spore and gametes are formed in meiosis.
B. Both spore and gametes are formed in mitosis.
C. Spores are formed in meiosis while gametes are formed in mitosis.
D. Spores are formed in mitosis while gametes are formed in meiosis.
A
C. Spores are formed in meiosis while gametes are formed in mitosis.
16
Q
In ALL plants, sporophyte A. produce gametes B. produce spore C. are dominant D. are reduced
A
B. produce spore
17
Q
Growth in plants is achieved by cell division. This type of cell division is A. mitosis B. meiosis C. DNA replication D. binaryfission
A
mitosis
18
Q
Which of the following reasons explain why plants had to colonize the terrestrial habitats? (1) Obtain more water 2) Obtain more carbon dioxide 3)Obtain more sunlight A. (1) B. (1) and 2 C. (2) and 3 D. All
A
2) Obtain more carbon dioxide
3) Obtain more sunlight
19
Q
Which of the following is not true about life in water for plants? A. Nodangerofdesiccation B. No transport mechanism needed C. No structural support required D. No food production required
A
D. No food production required
20
Q
Which of the following structures help plant prevent desiccation on land? (1) Cuticle 2)Sporopollenin 3)Guard cells A. (1) B. (1) and 2 C. (2) and 3 D. All
A
(1) Cuticle
2) Sporopollenin
3) Guard cells
21
Q
Seed plants refer to A. angiosperms only B. gymnosperms only C. angiosperms and gymnosperms D. all vascular plants
A
C. angiosperms and gymnosperms
22
Q
Which of the following about cuticle is incorrect? A. a waxy layer B. pores allow gas exchange C. prevent excessive water loss D. filter UV light
A
B. pores allow gas exchange
23
Q
Which of the following about stomata is incorrect?
A. Their opening is controlled by guard cells.
B. Gas exchange occurs when they open.
C. Excessive water loss is prevented when they are closed.
D. They are cells.
A
D. They are cells.
24
Q
In seed plants
A. gametophyte is dominant while sporophyte is reduced
B. gametophyte is reduced while sporophyte is dominant
C. only gametophyte can be found
D. only sporophyte can be found
A
B. gametophyte is reduced while sporophyte is dominant
25
```
Heterospory means
A. two spores are formed
B. two different spores are formed
C. one spore is formed
D. more than two types of spores are formed
```
B. two different spores are formed
26
Which of the following about spore development in seed plants is incorrect?
A. Megaspore development is within ovule
B. Spores are shed from the parent plant.
C. Microspore develops into a pollen grain, containing the male gametophyte.
D. Two types of spore formed can increase genetic variation.
B. Spores are shed from the parent plant.
27
```
Seed coat is
A. the food reserve
B. the embryo
C. for protection
D. formed from endosperm
```
C. for protection
28
Which of the following is not an advantage of seed dormancy?
A. Allow seeds to travel vast distances without desiccation
B. Allow seeds to suspend germination until the right time
C. Increase shelf-life so that human to consume them
C. Increase shelf-life so that human to consume them
29
```
Which of the following is not a modified cell in dermal tissue?
A. Trichome
B. Guard cells
C. Root hair cells
D. Xylem
```
D. Xylem
30
```
Trichome is a structure extruding from the plant surface. Its function is to
A. help pollination
B. help water absorption
C. attract herbivores to eat them
D. deter herbivores from eating them
```
D. deter herbivores from eating them
31
```
Parenchyma cells
A. are thin-walled
B. have thickened cell wall with lignin
C. have thickening at the corners of the cells
D. are also known as stone cells
```
A. are thin-walled
32
Sclerenchyma cells
A. are thin-walled
B. have thickened cell wall with lignin
C. have thickening at the corners of the cells
D. can be found in petiole that supports the leaves
B. have thickened cell wall with lignin
33
```
Collenchyma cells
A. are thin-walled
B. have thickened cell wall with lignin
C. have thickening at the corners of the cells
D. are also known as stone cells
```
C. have thickening at the corners of the cells
34
```
Xylem tissue does not consist of
A. vessels
B. tracheids
C. sieve tube elements
D. sclerenchyma
```
C. sieve tube elements
35
```
Which of the following is the most advanced feature for water conduction?
A. Simple water conducting cells
B. Tracheids
C. Vessels
D. Companion cells
```
C. Vessels
36
```
Phloem tissue does not contain
A. sieve plates
B. sieve tube
C. companion cells
D. tracheids
```
D. tracheids
37
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the roles of xylem and phloem?
A. Both xylem and phloem are for support only.
B. Phloem is for water transport while xylem is for transport of sugar.
C. Xylem is for water transport while phloem is for transport of sugar.
D. Phloem can provide support but not in xylem.
C. Xylem is for water transport while phloem is for transport of sugar.
38
```
Which of the following plants does not bear flowers but reproduces by seeds?
A. pine
B. fern
C. grass
D. broad bean
```
A. pine
39
Growth in plants is indeterminate. This means that
A. they stop growing after they reach a certain size
B. they grow continuously throughout their life
C. theyliveforyears
D. theyliveforayearorless
B. they grow continuously throughout their life
40
```
Apical meristem
A. isresponsibleforsecondarygrowth
B. is responsible for lateral growth
C. is found in vascular cambium
D. is found in apexes of shoots and roots
```
D. is found in apexes of shoots and roots
41
Which of the following about lateral meristem is not correct?
A. Lateral meristem is responsible secondary growth
B. Lateral meristem is responsible for lateral growth
C. Lateral meristem include both vascular cambium and cork cambium
D. Lateral meristem is protected by root cap
D. Lateral meristem is protected by root cap
42
Cork cambium
A. is for producing new bark which protects the phloem
B. is for producing new vascular tissues
C. is responsible for an increase in length in plants
d. is found in root
A. is for producing new bark which protects the phloem
43
```
Apical meristem in roots can be found in
A. Region of cell division
B. Region of elongation
C. Regionofdifferentiation
D. Casparian strip
```
A. Region of cell division
44
Casparian strip
A. forces water to enter cytoplasm in the endodermal cell.
B. forces water to remain travelling in cell wall.
C. forces water to leave the root and go to the soil.
D. isformedduetotranspirationpull.
A. forces water to enter cytoplasm in the endodermal cell.
45
```
If there are no vascular cambium in the stem, it possibly means the plants
A. do not have primary growth
B. do not have secondary growth
C. do not increase in length
D. do not produce bark
```
B. do not have secondary growth
46
The physical force responsible for upward transport of water in plants is
A. transpiration pullB. gravity
C. osmosis
D. diffusion
A. transpiration pull
47
```
Which of the following cells do not have chloroplasts in leaves?
A. upper epidermal cells
B. palisade mesophyll cells
C. spongy mesophyll cells
D. guard cells
```
A. upper epidermal cells
48
```
Which of the following provide evidence of evolution?
(1)Fossil
2.Comparative embryology
3.DNA sequence
A. (1)
B. (1) and 2
C. (2) and 3
d) ALL ABOVE
```
(1) Fossil
2. Comparative embryology
3. DNA sequence
49
Fossil records are valuable in the study of evolution because they provide information about
A. the population size of different species
B. the cause of mutation in organisms
C. the time of existence of organisms
D. the life span of different species
C. the time of existence of organisms
50
Fossil record show
A. the mechanism of natural selection
B. that genetic variation exist within a species
C. the change of one species into another species
D. that different life forms once existed on Earth
D. that different life forms once existed on Earth
51
DNA sequences in many human genes are very similar to the sequences of corresponding genes in chimpanzees. The most likely explanation for this result is that:
A. Human evolved from chimpanzees.
B. Chimpanzees evolved from human.
C. Human and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor.
D. Human and chimpanzees are not closely related.
C. Human and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor.
52
The closer the evolutionary relationship would have more genetic similarities
A. True
B. False
C. Cannot be determined
A. True
53
Bryophytes
A. are terrestrial plants which depends on water for reproduction
B. produce seeds which may be enclosed in female cones
C. are a group of the most primitive vascular plants
D. produceseedswhichareenclosedinfruits
A. are terrestrial plants which depends on water for reproduction
54
```
Rhizoids in liverwort
A. can absorb water
B. can provide anchorage
C. can absorb nutrient
D. have root hair cells
```
A. can absorb water
55
```
The asexual reproductive structure in liverwort is called
A. antheridium
B. archegonium
C. gemmae
D. spore
```
C. gemmae
56
```
Transfer of male gametes into female gametes in liverwort depends on
A. Wind
B. Water
C. Animals
D. Insects
```
B. Water
57
```
Spore dispersal in liverwort depends on
A. Wind
B. Water
C. Animals
D. Insects
```
A. Wind
58
```
Stomata in sporophyte can open and close for the regulation of gas exchange because there are
A. Pores
B. Cuticle
C. Guard cells
D. Chloroplast
```
C. Guard cells
59
The type of microphyll cells which assist mosses to tolerate desiccation is
A. Chlorophyll cells
B. Hyaline cells
C. Photosynthetic cells and hyaline cells
D. Photosynthetic cells and stomata
B. Hyaline cells
60
Fungi
A. are terrestrial plants which depends on water for reproduction
B. obtain their nutrition from dead organic matters
C. are a group of the most primitive vascular plants
D. produce seeds which are enclosed in fruits
B. obtain their nutrition from dead organic matters
61
```
What do most fungi use for reproduction?
A. Seed
B. Spore
C. Sperm
D. Hyphae
```
B. Spore
62
```
What is the reproduction method used by yeast cells?
A. Binaryfission
B. Budding
C. Sexual reproduction
D. Scar formation
```
B. Budding
63
Fungi are
A. autotrophic
B. photosynthetic
C. heterotrophic
C. heterotrophic
64
```
Which of the following does not belong to fungi?
A. Yeast
B. Bread mould
C. Penicillin, the antibiotic
D. Bacteria
```
D. Bacteria
65
Some fungi are parasites. Parasites
A.cause harm or death to hosts.
B) provide benefits to hosts.
C) cause neutral effect to hosts.
A.cause harm or death to hosts.
66
```
IN mycorrhizae, which of the following is provided by the plant to the fungi?
A. food
B.water
C.minerals
D.antibiotics
```
A. food
67
```
IN mycorrhizae, which of the following is not provided by the fungi to the plant?
A.food
B.water
C.minerals
D.antibiotics
```
A.food
68
Angiosperms
A. are terrestrial plants which depends on water for reproduction
B. obtain their nutrition from dead organic matters
C. are a group of the most primitive vascular plants
D. produce seeds which are enclosed in fruits
D. produce seeds which are enclosed in fruits
69
```
Sepals and petals are
A. male reproductive structures
B. female reproductive structures
C. sterile
D. for asexual reproduction
```
C. sterile
70
```
3. Which of the following belongs to the male part in a flower?
A. filament
B. stigma
C. style
D. ovule
```
A. filament
71
```
Which of the following do not belong to the female part in a flower?
A. anther
B. stigma
C. style
D. ovule
```
A. anther
72
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of male gamete formation in Angiosperms?
A. microspore → male gametophyte → male gametes
B. megaspore → male gametophyte → male gametes
C. microspore → female gametophyte → eggs
D. microspore → male gametophyte → seed
A. microspore → male gametophyte → male gametes
73
```
Male gametes and eggs in angiosperms are produced by
A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. binary fission
D. budding
```
A. mitosis
74
```
Eggs in angiosperms are produced in
A. anther
B. ovule
C. seed
D. spore
```
B. ovule
75
```
Transfer of pollens in angiosperm is called
A. double fertilization
B. pollination
C. spore formation
D. mitosis
```
B. pollination
76
When pollen grains reach the stigma,
A. style will be formed
B. flagellated male gametes then swim towards the eggs in ovule
C. pollen tube will be formed and style will be digested
D. ovule will open its pore to accept male gametes
C. pollen tube will be formed and style will be digested
77
Double fertilization means
A. gametes get a second chance of fertilization so as to increase fertilization success
B. one of the fertilized product is a zygote while the other one is an endosperm
C. only one fertilization will be successful
D. one flower can only have fertilization twice
B. one of the fertilized product is a zygote while the other one is an endosperm
78
```
Endosperm is
A. the embryo
B. the seed coat
C. the food reserve
D. the root
```
C. the food reserve
79
```
Fruits
A. is a fertilized flower
B. is a fertilized leaf
C. is a fertilized seed
D. is a fertilized root
```
A. is a fertilized flower
80
```
Which one of the following structures is found in grass but is absent in pine trees?
A. flowers
B. seeds
C. xylem
D. cones
```
A. flowers
81
```
A student examined four plants, P, Q, R and S, in the field. He made the dichotomous key below to identify these plants:
1a with leaves........................ 2
1b without leaves.................... P
2a with cones........................ Q
2b without cones..................... 3
3a with pollens...................... R
3b without pollens................... S
One of them is a potato plant. Which one is it?
A. P
B. Q
C. R
D. S
```
C. R
82
```
Monocotyledon means
A. the plant only has 1 leaf
B. there is one seed leaf
C. there is one hypocotyl
D. there is one radical
```
B. there is one seed leaf
83
```
ROD SHAPED BACTERIA ARE CALLED
A. bacilli
b. streptococci
c.cocci
d. staphylobacilli
e. spirilla
```
bacilli
84
some bacteria form thick walled ____ in response to poor nutrient conditions
a. endospore
b. capsule
c. pilus
d. cell wall
endospore
85
the disease caused by ___ is sometimes called the silentt std
chlamydia trachomatis
86
bacteria normally contain their genome (= all genes in the chromosomes in)
a nucleiod region/ cytoplasm
87
anthrax is cause by
bacillus anthracis
88
cell division in bacteria takes place mainly by
binary fission
89
organisms that obtain their energy by oxidising inorganic chemical sources are called
chemo autotrophs
90
bacteria are responsible for
1. as decomposers- cycling minerals within the ES
2. as photosynthetic organism- releasing o2 into the atmosphere
3. as pathogen- causing deadly diseases to human
91
which of following are characteristics of bacterial cell?
1. are prokaryotes
2. do not have an organised nucleus
3. have a cell wall
4. have a ring of double-stranded DNA
92
which statement is NOT true about bacteria and eukaryotes:
a. eukaryotes generally are larger than bacteria
b. bacteria lack membrane enclosed organelles
c. both types of organisms reproduce mitosis
d. bacteria are fundamentally single celled
both types of org. reproduce by mitosis
93
____ is purposeful selection of mates based on presence or absence of certain traits
a. mutation
b. gene flow
c. non random mating
d. genetic drift
e. natural selection
c. non random mating
94
__ is exchange of alleys between populations
genetic drift
95
____ is sudden change and permanent change of genetic material
mutation
96
__ results in loss of genetic variation
genetic drift
97
some factors in environment select certain form of a species to survive and reproduce. this evolutionary change agent is
natural selection
98
which of the following is ONLY evolutionary change agent that can create new phenotype
mutation
99
in the 19th century most of peppered moths in england were white. about 100 years later, 98% of moths recorded in industrial areas were black while most in rural areas were still white this is example of
natural selection
100
plasmid
small rings of DNA usually contain gene
101
circular DNA
genetic material are stored in circular chromosome
