Bacteria and Archaea

Question 1

(a) Be able to label different parts in a bacterial cell. (10) (b) State their functions. (

Answer 1

1. FLAGELLA: locomotion
2. SINGLE PILUS: DNA transfer btw two C
   MANY FIMBRIEA: hairlike appendages for attachment.
3. CAPSULE: slimy sticky layer for attachment
4. CELL MEMBRANE: cntrl subs. move in & out of cell
5. CELL WALL: maintain shape and function
6. CYTOPLASM: site of biochemical run
7. PLACID: small rings of DNA usually contain gene
8. CIRCULAR DNA: genetic material are stored in circular chromosome
9. ENDOSPRE: withstand harsh conditions
10. RIBOSOMES: protein synthesis

Question 2

2. Be able to classify bacteria based on their shape (8).

Answer 2

1. SPHERICAL (coccus): 2xS (diplo-cocci), twisted chain (street-cocci) colonial (stiffly-cocci)
2. ROD (bacillus): long (filamentous bacillus), chain (street- bacillus)
3. SPIRAL (spirilla): flagellated motile (VIBRIO)

Question 3

3. Know the 4 different modes of energy production in bacteria. (4)

Answer 3

1. PHOTOAUTOTROPPH: make own food. CS= CO2
2. CHEMOAUTOTROPH: make own food, CS: other org,
3. PHOTOHETEROTROPH: no make own food, CS= CO2
4. CHEMOHETEROTROPH: no make own food, CS= other org.

Question 4

Know the fact that the genes and metabolic pathways in archaea are closer to

Answer 4

Eurkeya

Question 5

5. Give any three examples of extreme environments where archaea can survive. (3)

Answer 5

1. hyperthermophille (extreme temp)
2. sulfur oxidises
3. halophilles (salt loving)