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Block 2 > M1: Patterns of Disease and Occurrences > Flashcards

M1: Patterns of Disease and Occurrences Flashcards

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1
Q

Reveals the patterns of Disease using its mortality information

A

Descriptive studies

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2
Q

These 3 comprise the epidemiologic triad

A
  1. Agent
  2. Host
  3. Environment
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3
Q

In an ideal setting, these 2 must balance each other out in the epidemiologic triad

A

Agent and Host

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4
Q

How the 3 epidemiologic triad interact

A

Agent (External) affects host (Who is susceptible) and the environment allow the disease to occur

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5
Q

These 3 comprise the Triad

A
  1. Person
  2. Place
  3. Time
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6
Q

4 How does the triad affect the disease? Or the person place and time factor?

A

(ABLE)

  1. Access to care
  2. Behavior
  3. Lifestyle
  4. Exposure
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7
Q

Refers to WHO is being affected in the Triad

A

Person

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8
Q

10 How is a PERSON affected by disease?

A

(BATH 2R 3S M)

  1. Age
  2. Blood Type
  3. Habits
  4. Marital state
  5. Race
  6. Religion
  7. Sex
  8. Social Class
  9. Specific immunity
  10. Traits
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9
Q

Is the main contributor to most health related outcomes

A

Age

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10
Q

5 What affects mortality as age progress?

A

(WE HIM)

  1. Exposure
  2. Hormones
  3. Immune defense
  4. Mutations
  5. Wear and tear of genes
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11
Q

4 How is gender/SEX affected by disease?

A

(3H 1L)

  1. Hazards
  2. Health care
  3. Hormones
  4. Lifestyle
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12
Q

Which gender has higher mortality rates

A

Males

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13
Q

Which gender has higher morbidity rates

A

Females

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14
Q

These are people, nation of the same stock

A

Race and Ethnic group

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15
Q

What age group of mothers had the highest in the United states in 1990 and 2004?

A

40 and over

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16
Q

Highest type of cancer that is predominant in males of all races

A

Prostate

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17
Q

Highest type of cancer that is predominant in females of all races

A

Breast

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18
Q

Highest race who are affected by TB in the US in 2013

A

Asians

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19
Q

Lowest race who are affected by TB in the US in 2013

A

Pacific Islanders and Native Americans

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20
Q

Rank the 3 population subgroups on 3 related dimensions

A

(PWP)

  1. Prestige
  2. Wealth
  3. Power
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21
Q

Wealth according to Max Weber

A

Value of economic assets

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22
Q

Prestige according to Max Weber

A

How people regard others base on status

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23
Q

Power according to max Weber

A

How one achieve their goals despite opposition from others

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24
Q

5 Composite measure of Social class

A

(I LORE)

  1. Income
  2. Lifestyle
  3. Occupation
  4. Residence
  5. Education
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25
Highest race who are affected by Mental Illness in the US in 2010
Multiracial
26
Lowest race who are affected by Mental Illness in the US in 2010
Asians
27
3 What constitutes poverty?
(3Ps) 1. Poor service 2. Poor Health 3. Poor Environment
28
Acts as a surrogate for socioeconomic status. Can also be used in place for physical energy expenditure
Occupation
29
4 Hazards that can affect people with occupations
(SCAB) 1. Skin cancer (Farmers) 2. Cervical cancer (Sea farers) 3. Asbestos (Construction) 4. Back pain and Wrist (Call center)
30
4 How is marital status affected by disease?
(FPS L) 1. Factors in marriage 2. Pregnancy, childbearing 3. Support system 4. Lifestyle
31
4 Death rate ranking in marital status
(Don't Worry SM) 1. Divorced 2. Widowed 3. Single 4. Married
32
5 How does place matter when a person is inflicted by a disease
1. Distance 2. Proximity 3. Residence 4. Sources 5. Work
33
2 Types of Boundaries
1. Natural | 2. Political
34
3 Environmental conditions in a place
(SPEc) 1. Sociocultural 2. Physical 3. Ecological
35
4 Reasons for (variations) in disease spread in different places
(GEN-C) 1. Cluster of people 2. Gene-environment interaction 3. Environment and climate 4. Naturally occurring
36
4 considerations when (Analyzing disease rates)
(A, E, I, O) 1. Animals 2. Ethnicity 3. Immigrants 4. Out migrants
37
Indicates WHEN the problem is occurring, the incidence of the disease was greatest and health was most severe
Time
38
4 (specificity of time) in dealing with disease
(MICE) 1. Milestone 2. Introduction to new medication 3. Calendar time 4. Exposure time
39
Sharp increase in disease frequency within hours, days or weeks
Short term changes/epidemic
40
Could be due to almost simultaneous exposure to a single source
Short term changes/epidemic
41
Spread of disease where it show waves at intervals corresponding to incubation period
Short term changes/epidemic
42
What do waves represent in a graph during a Short term changes/epidemic
Secondary cases
43
What is otherwise known for the (single source from where a disease originated) during a Short term changes/epidemic
Point Source
44
Spread of disease where it could encompass several decades
Secular changes/ Long periods
45
7 Possible reasons for trends in a (Secular change/ long periods)
1. Completeness of data 2. Change in diagnosis 3. Change in Classification 4. Change in population 5. Change in environment 6. Natural history of disease 7. Improvement or deterioration of the prognosis over time
46
Recurrent changes in disease frequency
Cyclical changes/Repetitive
47
3 (seasonal variations) in (Cyclical changes) of disease
(Fr-e-VR) 1. Vectors 2. Recreational activities 3. Fruits in season
48
2 (B)iological variation in Cyclical changes of disease
1. Diurnal variations | 2. Measles
49
1 (s)ociological variation in in Cyclical changes of disease
1. Suicides
50
represents this way of conceptualizing causality
Rothman Causal Pie
51
What do letter in the Rothman casual pie indicate?
Necessary Cause
52
What do the pie slice indicate in Rothman's casual pie?
Risk factors
53
Other word for risk factor/Slice of pie
Component cause
54
Indicates the whole pie (a causal pathway)
Sufficient cause
55
A slice seen in every pie or pathway
Necessary pathway
56
A Theory where clear finding that for many diseases, a number of factor contribute to causation
Theory of Causation
57
Some factors were (essential) for the development of the disease
Necessary Cause
58
Some increase the risk of developing the disease
Component Cause
59
6 (Theory of causation) that apply for Lung cancer
(DE EGGS) 1. Smoking 2. Genetics 3. Gender 4. Ethnicity 5. Diet 6. Environmental carcinogens
60
(Necessary Cause) that apply for Lung cancer
1. 1st hand smoker 2. sedentary 3. family history of cancer
61
(Component cause) that apply for lung cancer
1. male 2. occupation exposure 3. family history

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